新中国工业化各阶段历史性任务与成就初探

Preliminary exploration of historical tasks and achievements of industrialization in PRC

新中国工业化是一个连续发展的历史,不应人为地分开。但对历史分期有助于更好地理解历史,也可以更好地理解当下,并为将来做好准备。以生产力为分期标准,尝试把新中国工业史分为五个时期:第一时期(1949—1956年),过渡时期的工业化,主要贡献是建立新中国工业化发展的制度基础与生产力初步框架,以社会主义三大改造完成为结束标志;第二时期(1956—1973年),以民族真正独立、自决为目标的工业化时期,主要成就是中华民族能真正自立于民族之林,摆脱百年来灭种亡国的风险,以“四三方案”上报实施为结束标志;第三时期(1973—1993年),以解决人民的温饱为目标的工业化,主要成绩是中国生产力实现了从总量上满足人民温饱的基本要求,以1973年“四三方案”的实施为开始标志,以1993年废除粮票为结束标志;第四时期(1993—2020年),不断提升人民生活水平、全民奔小康的工业化,人民的生活水平不断提高,以2020年全面建成小康社会,消除绝对贫困为结束标志;从2021年开始中国工业化进入新的历史阶段,在第一个百年奋斗目标顺利实现的基础上,为实现第二个百年奋斗目标奋力前行。

The industrialization of People′s Republic of China(PRC)is a continuous development history t hat should not be artificially separated.But dividing history into stages can help to better understand history,better understand the present,and prepare for future.The industrial history of PRC is divided into five periods based on productivity:The first period,from 1949 to 1956,was the transitional period of industrialization.The main contribution was the establishment of the institutional foundation and preliminary framework of productivity for the development of industrialization in PRC,with the completion of the three major socialist reforms as the end sign.The second period from 1956 to 1973 was the industrialization period with the goal of true national independence and self-determination.The main achievement was that the Chinese nation could truly stand on its own in the forest of nations,free from the risk of extinction and national downfall over the past century,and ended with the implementation of the“4.3-Billion Plan”.In the third period from 1973 to 1993,industrialization aimed at solving people′s basic needs for food and clothing.The main achievement was that China′s productive forces achieved the basic requirement of meeting people′s basic needs in terms of total output.The implementation of the“4.3-Billion Plan”in 1973 marked the beginning,and the abolition of grain tickets in 1993 marked the end.In the fourth period from 1993 to 2020,the industrialization of continuously improving people′s living standards and striving for a moderately prosperous society for all has led to a continuous improvement in people′s living standards.The goal is to complete the comprehensive construction of a moderately prosperous society and eliminate absolute poverty by 2020.Starting from 2021,China′s industrialization has entered a new historical stage.On the basis of successfully achieving the first centenary goal,achievement is strived of the second centenary goal of“common prosperity”.