确保民族自决的新中国工业化(1949—1973)

Industrialization of People′s Republic of China in ensuring national self-determination(1949-1973)

从新中国成立以来至1973年“四三方案”的提出,我国工业化的主要任务一直是确保民族独立和民族自决,即从做好经济建设、提高国防能力、完成战略腹地产业备份等多个方面入手,保障国家安全、确保民族独立。这是通过一系列的战略部署和重大事件来实现的:第一,通过社会主义改造建立社会主义经济制度,为确立国家工业化的社会主义性质奠定基础。第二,做好经济建设,以发展来保安全、保自决,包括确定中国推进工业化是走优先发展重工业的道路,通过以“156项工程”为代表的项目建设、借助技术引进来快速奠定工业体系基础,促进以钢铁工业为代表的基础工业快速发展等。第三,“两弹一星”国防尖端科技产业的突破,一方面从国防实力上真正确保了民族独立;另一方面通过国防尖端产业的引领,带动了整个工业的发展、促进了工业体系的建设。第四,三线建设这个巨大的社会经济工程,一方面通过战略大后方的建设极大地增强了我国面对战争威胁的博弈力量,加大了对国家安全和民族独立的保障能力;另一方面,通过优化地区工业布局推动了区域协调,推进了我国工业化的发展。以上都为下一阶段的发展打下了制度、物质、国际环境的基础。

From the establishment of the People′s Republic of China to the proposal of the“4.3 Billion Plan”in 1973,the primary task of industrialization during this historical period was to ensure the national independence and self-determination.This involved a comprehensive approach that encompassed economic construction,enhancing national defense capabilities,and establishing strategic hinterland industrial backups,etc.,ensuring national security and national independence.This goal was achieved through a series of strategic layouts and significant events:Firstly,a socialist economic system was established through socialist transformation,which laid the foundation for establishing the socialist nature of national industrialization.Secondly,a good job had to be done in economic construction,ensuring security and self-determination through development,including prioritizing the development of heavy industry in China′s industrialization.Through the construction of projects represented by“156 Projects”and the introduction of technology,the foundation of the industrial system was quickly established and the rapid development of basic industries represented by the steel industry were promoted.Thirdly,the breakthrough of the“Two Bombs and Satellite”national defense cutting-edge technology industry had truly ensured national independence from the perspective of national defense strength;on the other hand,the guidance of cutting-edge defense industries led the development of the entire industry and promoted the construction of the industrial system.Fourthly,through the construction of strategic rear areas,the Third-Front Construction greatly enhanced China′s gaming power in the face of war threats,and enhanced its ability to guarantee national security and national independence;on the other hand,optimizing the regional industrial layout had promoted regional coordination and promoted the development of industrialization in China.The above laid the foundation for the next stage of development in terms of institutional,material,and international environment.