政治经济学“主体出发点”的科学引入论证——论马克思《巴黎手稿》的著述主题

The Scientific Introduction Argument of the "Subject Starting Point"of Political Economy:on the Theme of Marx’s Paris Manuscript

《巴黎手稿》是马克思的早期著作之一,也是目前争议最大的作品,体现在其著述的主题上仍众说纷纭,包括“人本主义”“异化史观”“异化逻辑揭示”“经济研究的哲学分析”等各种观点。笔者通过著作的“问题背景”分析和实际内容的解读,认为“手稿”的著述是为了解决如何基于“现实的人”这个主体出发点来进行经济研究,解决马克思哲学作为方法引入经济学的论证,以及哲学如何内化为经济的现实研究的问题,这是马克思著述“手稿”的真正主题。在具体文本上包括了三个层次的论题:一是“手稿”的“笔记本Ⅰ”系资本主义现实即异化劳动的“原本”即事实批判,以此阐明“现实的人”这个主体出发点的引入方法和批判尺度;二是整个手稿特别是“笔记本Ⅱ”“笔记本Ⅲ”几乎都贯穿了对国民经济学这个“副本”的批判,以此阐明“现实的人”这个主体出发点作为方法引入经济学所应有的理论维度;三是“手稿”专撰“对黑格尔的辩证法和整个哲学的批判”一节,是以此对“现实的人”这一主体作为出发点在方法论上的哲学补充论证。马克思对德国哲学扬弃的批判逻辑,实现哲学出发点“现实的人”即主体立场在经济学中的引入,才有后来的科学的劳动价值论,这是“手稿”在马克思主义理论中的学理意义,也是科学理解“手稿”的应有方向。

The Paris Manuscript is one of Marx's early works,and also the most controversial works at present.There are still different opinions on the theme of his works,including various views of"humanism","alienated historical view","alienated logic reveals","philosophical analysis of economic research"and so on.The author through the work of"background"analysis and the interpretation of the actual content,think"manuscript"is how to solve the"reality"the subject starting point to economic research,solve the introduction of Marx's philosophy as a method of economics,and how philosophy into the reality of economic research,this is the real theme of Marx's writings"manuscript".In the specific text,there are three levels of topics:first,the"notebook I"of the"manuscript"is the capitalist reality,namely the"original"of alienated labor,that is,the"criticism of facts",In order to clarify the introduction method and critical scale of the main starting point of the"realistic person";Second,the whole manuscript,especially the"notebook"and"notebook",almost runs through the criticism of the"copy"of national economics,In order to clarify the main starting point of"realistic people"as the method to introduce the theoretical dimension of economics;The third is the"manuscript"section of"Criticism of Hegel's dialectics and the whole philosophy",It is a philosophical supplementary argument to the subject of"realistic people"as the starting point.Marx's critical logic of German philosophy and the realization of the starting point of philosophy"realistic man",namely the introduction of the subject position in economics,is the later scientific labor theory of value,which is the theoretical significance of"manuscript"in Marxist theory,and that it is also the due direction of scientific understanding of"manuscript".