数字技术赋能义务教育高质量发展:绩效评估与机制检验——来自31个省份的经验证据

Digital Technology Enabling High-quality Development of Compulsory Education:Performance Evaluation and Mechanism Testing——Empirical Evidence from 31 Provinces

数字技术是推动义务教育高质量发展的重要引擎,也是建设教育强国,实现教育现代化的关键。本文利用2011—2021年全国31个省份的面板数据,实证检验了数字技术对义务教育高质量发展的影响及作用机制。研究发现,数字技术显著促进了义务教育高质量发展,这一结论在处理内生性问题和开展稳健性检验后依然成立;机制检验表明,教育均等化、科技创新和人力资本是数字技术赋能义务教育高质量发展的三个重要传导渠道;异质性分析显示,在东部地区、经济发达地区以及数字基础设施较好地区,数字技术对义务教育高质量发展的影响显著为正,在中西部地区、经济欠发达地区以及数字基础设施较差地区,数字技术对义务教育高质量发展的影响不显著。因此,未来应搭建数字技术与义务教育融合的多元平台,充分利用数字技术赋能义务教育的作用机制,因地制宜地实施数字教育发展策略,全面推动义务教育高质量发展。

Digital technology is an important engine to promote the high-quality development of compulsory education,and is also the key to building an education power and realizing the modernization of education.Using the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021,this paper empirically tests the impact of digital technology on the high-quality development of compulsory education and its mechanism.The study finds that digital technology significantly promoted the high-quality development of compulsory education,and this conclusion remained valid after dealing with the endogeneity problem and carrying out the robustness test.The mechanism test shows that educational equalization,scientific and technological innovation and human capital are the three important transmission channels for digital technology to enable the high-quality development of compulsory education.Heterogeneity analysis shows that,in the eastern region,economically developed regions and regions with good digital infrastructure,the impact of digital technology on high-quality development of compulsory education is significantly positive,while in the central and western regions,economically underdeveloped regions and regions with poor digital infrastructure,the impact of digital technology on high-quality development of compulsory education is not significant.Therefore,in the future,we should build a multi-platform for the integration of digital technology and compulsory education,make full use of the mechanism of digital technology to empower compulsory education,implement digital education development strategies according to local conditions,and comprehensively promote the high-quality development of compulsory education.