中小学教师职称与工资收入的性别差异分析

Analysis on the Gender Difference of Professional Title and Salary of Primary and Secondary School Teachers

通过对全国15044名中小学教师的调查发现,不同年龄、不同地区、不同学段及城乡间的中小学女性教师在职称及工资收入上均明显低于男性教师,女教师不仅获得初级及以下职称、较低收入的占比均要明显高于男教师,且获得中高级职称、中高收入的占比要明显低于男教师。女性青年教师在职称晋升上难度更大,还有较大比例的教师职称未定级。东部地区女教师、农村及乡镇女教师的职称晋升相对较难,较难晋升到中高级职称;而县城及农村女教师、小学女教师和中部地区女教师则深陷中低收入陷阱,较难进入到较高及高收入段,她们在职称晋升及工资收入上与男性教师差距明显。因此,应对真正在农村地区工作的教师给予更多补助,要关注并提高县城及中部地区教师的工资待遇,在职称晋升与评审中应增设一些体现性别平等结果的指标要求,以阻止性别差距进一步扩大。

Through a survey of 15044 primary and secondary school(including kindergarten)teachers around the country,it is found that female teachers in primary and secondary schools of different degrees,regions,stages,and areas(urban or rural)significantly lag behind male teachers in terms of professional titles and salary.Female teachers not only obtained a significantly higher proportion of junior and lower professional titles and lower income than male teachers,but also obtained a significantly lower proportion of middle to senior professional titles and middle to high income than male teachers.Young teachers got a slow promoting speed in professional titles.There are also a large proportion of teachers with uncertain professional titles.The promotion of professional titles for female teachers in the eastern region,rural and township areas,as well as preschool female teachers,is relatively the most difficult:it’s difficult to advance to middle to senior professional titles.Female teachers in the county and rural areas,in primary schools and central regions are deeply trapped in the middle and low income trap,reflective in that it’s difficult to enter the higher and higher income sectors.The above-mentioned female teachers have a significant gap compared to male teachers in terms of professional title promotion and salary.Therefore,in the future,the state should increase the living subsidies to rural teachers who really work in rural areas,but also pay attention to improving the salary of teachers in county towns and central areas.In the promotion and evaluation of professional titles,some indicators should be added to reflect the results of gender equality to realize the equal protection of women’s rights and interests.