特殊环境对生物钟和肠道菌群影响的研究进展

Effects of special environments on circadian clock and intestinal flora:research progress

生物活动随地球自转表现出的接近24 h的节律性波动被称为生物钟。肠道菌群为寄生于人体胃肠道的微生物群落,其平衡对维持机体稳态有重要作用。特殊环境包括外部环境的改变(如处于极地特殊昼夜光照、高原缺氧环境下)和生活方式发生改变(如轮班、失眠、跨时区飞行)等均会对生物钟产生不良影响,导致生物钟紊乱和肠道菌群失调。生物钟紊乱与菌群失调协同作用,进一步导致机体内环境稳态失衡,增加代谢性疾病的发生风险。阐明特殊环境下生物钟和肠道菌群的变化能够为特殊环境下作业人群生物钟和机体稳态的维持提供新思路。

The rhythmic fluctuations of biological activities with the rotation of the earth for nearly 24 h are called circadian clock.Intestinal flora is a community of microorganisms that live in the gastrointestinal tract of human body,and its balance plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis.Specific environment changes in the external environments(such as special circadian rhythms in the polar region and high-altitude hypoxia in the plateau region)and changes in lifestyle(such as shift work,insomnia,and flights across time zones)can adversely affect circadian rhythms and lead to disruption of the circadian clock and intestinal flora.The synergistic effects of circadian clock disruption and dysbiosis further lead to an imbalance of homeostasis of body internal environment,which increases the risk of metabolic disorders.Elucidating the changes of circadian clock and intestinal flora in special environments may provide new ideas for the maintenance of circadian rhythms and homeostasis in special environments.