我国司法实务中的庭外重组及其法律表达

Out-of-Court Restructuring and Its Legal Expression in China’s Judicial Practice

我国破产审判中涉及的庭外重组,理论和实务均未形成共识。尤其是,随着各地人民法院积极探索的预重整,庭外重组和预重整之间的关系变得复杂且微妙,但总体上呈现出彼此分离的趋势,预重整正在演变为一种不同于重整程序但旨在规范庭外重组活动的司法程序,且有被引入《企业破产法》修订的势头。司法实务中的预重整是对标于重整程序的新类型程序,由于上位法的规范供给不足,各地人民法院的实践也有所不同,其程序理念、制度构成以及程序效果存在众多的瑕疵或不确定性,无法与重整程序(包括简易重整程序)相提并论,距离最高人民法院“完善庭外重组与庭内重整的衔接机制”的目标甚远。庭外重组依照其性质应当脱离“司法程序化”,《企业破产法》修订应当着力于完善鼓励和支持庭外重组的相应制度措施,尤其包括庭外重组事务的信息披露制度、落实债权人知情权的措施以及重整计划草案的表决豁免制度等。

There is no consensus in theory and practice on the out-of-court restructuring involved in bankruptcy trials in China.In particular,with the active exploration of pre-reorganization by local people’s courts,the relationship between out-of-court restructuring and pre-reorganization has become complex and delicate,but on the whole demonstrates a trend of separation from each other.And pre-reorganization is evolving into a judicial procedure that is different from the reorganization proceedings but aims to regulate out-of-court restructuring activities,and has the momentum of being introduced into the revision of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law.Pre-reorganization in judicial practice is a new type of proceedings benchmarked against the reorganization proceedings,and due to the insufficient supply of higher-level law norms,the practices of different local people’s courts are also diverse,and there are many flaws or uncertainties in its concept,structure and effect of proceedings,which cannot be compared with the reorganization proceedings(including the simplified reorganization proceedings),far from the goal of the Supreme People’s Court to“improve the connection mechanism between out-of-court restructuring and in-court reorganization”.The revision of the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law should focus on improving the corresponding institutional measures to encourage and support out-of-court restructuring,especially including the information disclosure system for out-of-court restructuring matters,measures to implement the creditors’right to know,and the voting exemption benefits for the reorganization plan draft.