中国特色社会主义法治体系下的公务员录用“政审”制度:架构补充与标准完善

The“Political Examination”for the Recruitment of Civil Servants under the Rule of Law System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics:Structure Supplement and Standard Improvement

“政审”是党领导下的特定主体审查被审查者政治素质、政治思想、政治历史表现等事项的活动。“政审”作为公务员录用的必备环节,已被纳入国家法律法规和党内法规之中,但其制度架构仍不完整,实体标准也需进一步明确。作为一项中国特色的制度,政审制度架构和实体标准的完善不能仅仅满足传统的、建立在“政治—行政”二分基础上的行政法治要求,还必须秉持一种考虑了政党要素在内的政治法治相互融通的思维,在“变与不变”中综合考量。依此,可将“政治素质”从众多考察事项中独立,明确政审主体,完善政审程序,适度补充救济途径,使政审的制度架构更加完整。同时,要细化政审的对象范围和事项范围,进而通过对象事项交叉的方式确定政审的实体标准。作为一项制度代表,政审为一系列有党政融合色彩的制度的完善提供了借鉴,也为法治理论的本土化指明了部分方向。

“Political examination”is an activity of specific subjects under the leadership of the Party to review the political quality,political ideology,political historical performance and other matters of the examinee.As a necessary link in the recruitment of civil servants,“political examination”has been included in national laws and regulations and intra party regulations,but its institutional framework is still incomplete,and substantive standards need to be further clarified.As a system with Chinese characteristics,the determination of the overall structure and substantive standards of political examination can not only meet the requirements of the traditional administrative rule of law based on the dichotomy of“politics and administration”,but also must adhere to a thinking that incorporates the political party elements,and with cross-fertilization of the political rule of law,synthesizing“changes and constraints”.Accordingly,it is feasible to make“political quality”independent from many investigation items,determine the subject of political examination,improve the review methods and procedures,and modestly supplement relief channels,so as to make the system structure of political examination more complete.At the same time,it is necessary to refine the scope of objects and matters of the political examination,thereby determining the substantive standards of the political examination through the intersection of objects and matters.As a representative of the system,political examination provides a reference for the improvement of a series of systems with the color of party and government integration,and points out the direction for the localization of administrative law theory as well.