潘懋元高等学校通识教育思想探析

An Analysis of Pan Maoyuan’s Thoughts on General Education in Higher Education Institutions

新时代我国高等教育已经进入普及化高质量发展新阶段,知识生产方式变革推动知识产业化加速演进,狭窄的学科中心主义倾向的专业教育已经不能满足社会发展的需要。同时多元文化诉求、科技革命进步、人民对美好生活的需要对高等学校通识教育体系提出了深刻挑战,潘懋元的有关论述内在地包含了通识教育体系亟须重新设计的思想因子。基于对潘懋元专著、论文以及其他相关文献加以梳理、分类和提炼,尝试探究潘懋元高等学校通识教育观的基本思想。从发展阶段来看,潘懋元通识教育思想经历了萌芽、发展和成熟三个阶段。从理论要素来看,其通识教育人才观主张高等教育既要指向高科学技术知识与能力的教育,又要有高水平的人文素养教育,要培养“在通的基础上有所专,掌握一定的专门知识又能融会贯通”的通专相融的复合型人才;内容观主张要为学生提供广博与专精的教学内容以培养学生的批判思维、协作能力和综合素质;教学观主张在教育过程中教师要充分利用多元化的教学原则,变“灌”为“导”,引导学生独立学习与思考;路径观主张将专业化的通识课程与非专业化的校园文化相结合,使学生能够全方位地受到通识教育的影响,促进学生智能、情感、道德等全面发展。从思想价值来看,潘懋元对通识教育的阐发具有原生性和创造性,具备独特的当代价值,既连接着过去,也指向当下又面向未来,在个体全面发展、特色通识教育、技术变革挑战和社会发展需要四个方面具有重大的理论意义和实践启示。它是通识教育中国式现代化的产物,也将引导通识教育中国式现代化的进程。

In the new era,China’s higher education has entered a stage of popularization and high-quality development.The transformation of knowledge production is accelerating the evolution towards knowledge industrialization,the narrowly focused disciplinary professional education can no longer meet the needs of societal development.At the same time,the demands of multiculturalism,technological revolutions,and the people’s desire for a better life pose profound challenges to the general education in higher education.Pan Maoyuan’s(hereafter referred to as Pan’s)discussions inherently include the idea that the general education needs urgent redesign.Based on the review,classification,and extraction from Pan’s monographs,papers,and other relevant literature,this paper attempts to explore the basic ideas of Pan’s views on general education in higher institutions.Pan’s thoughts have undergone three stages:germination,development,and maturity.In terms of theoretical elements,his view advocates that higher education should aim not only at high science and technology knowledge and capabilities but also at a high level of humanistic literacy education,cultivating“composite talents who are specialized on the basis of being well-rounded,mastering certain specialized knowledge while integrating it comprehensively”;his view on content suggests providing students with broad and specialized learning content to cultivate their critical thinking,collaborative abilities,and comprehensive qualities;his view on teaching proposes that teachers fully utilize diversified teaching principles in educational process,shifting from“instilling”to“guiding,”encouraging students to learn and think independently;his view on pathways advocates combining specially-designed general education courses with campus culture,enabling students to be comprehensively influenced by general education and promoting the all-around development of students’intelligence,emotions,and morals.Regarding its ideological value,Pan’s elucidation on general education is original and creative,possessing unique contemporary value which links the past,present,and future,and holds significant theoretical significance and practical implications in four aspects:the comprehensive development of individuals,distinctive general education,challenges of technological transformation,and societal development needs.It is a product of the Chinese-style modernization of general education and will also guide the process of this modernization.