枫泾猪及杜(美系)枫杂交猪肌纤维特性及肌肉营养、质构品质的差异研究

Comparison of Muscle Fiber Characteristics,Nutritional Components and Texture Quality between Duroc(American)and Fengjing Crossbred F1 Pig and Fengjing Pig

该研究以杜枫[美系杜洛克猪(父)×枫泾猪(母)]F1代猪和枫泾猪[枫泾猪(父)×枫泾猪(母)]为研究对象,分别选用10只6月龄杜枫杂交F1代猪和10只8月龄枫泾猪的胸段背最长肌(longissimus thoracis,LT),检测其肌纤维特性、肌肉营养成分和质构品质,旨在比较枫泾猪和杜枫杂交F1代猪肉质的差异,为枫泾猪开发利用及新品种培育提供基础数据。结果表明:枫泾猪LT肌纤维密度极显著低于杜枫杂交F1代猪(P<0.01),LT肌原纤维直径和肌节长度大于杜枫杂交F1代猪(P<0.05,P<0.01);枫泾猪肌肉中色氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸、酪氨酸、精氨酸和羟脯氨酸的含量、苦味氨基酸比例、非必需氨基酸总量和氨基酸总量显著高于杜枫杂交F1代猪(P<0.05)。枫泾猪肌肉的十七碳酸含量、γ-亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、二高-γ-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、多不饱和脂肪酸总量显著高于杜枫杂交F1代猪(P<0.05),杜枫杂交F1代猪肌肉中的油酸、花生一烯酸的含量及单不饱和脂肪酸总量显著高于枫泾猪(P<0.05)。枫泾猪肌肉的硬度显著低于杜枫杂交F1代猪(P<0.01),但内聚性和回复性显著优于后者(P<0.01)。可见,枫泾猪猪肉的氨基酸营养丰富,苦味氨基酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量突出,质构品质优于杜枫杂交F1代猪;枫泾猪与美系杜洛克猪杂交后肌纤维密度增加,肌肉中单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著升高。

The study focused on comparing the muscle fiber characteristics,nutritional components,and texture quality in the longitudinal dorsal muscle(LT)between 6-month-old Duroc(American)and Fengjing crossbred F1 Pig and 8-month-old Fengjing pigs,in order to providing essential insights for the utilization and breeding of Fengjing pigs.Results indicated that Fengjing pigs had lower LT muscle fiber density(P<0.01)but larger myofibril diameter(P<0.05)and longer LT sarcomere length(P<0.01)compared to Duroc and Fengjing crossbred F1 Pig.Additionally,Fengjing pigs exhibited higher levels of 4 essential amino acids(Trp,Thr,Leu and Lys)and 9 non-essential amino acids(Asp,Ser,Glu,Pro,Gly,Ala,Tyr,Arg and Hyp)in their muscles(P<0.05),as well as higher non essential amino acids and total amino acid contents(P<0.05).Notably,the proportion of bitter amino acids in Duroc and Fengjing crossbred F1 Pig was lower than that in Feng Jing pigs(P<0.05).The study found that the C17:0 content,4 polyunsaturated fatty acids(C18:3,n-6,C18:3,n-3,C20:3,n-6 and C20:4,n-6),and total polyunsaturated fatty acids content in the muscles of Fengjing pigs were significantly higher than those of Duroc and Fengjing crossbred F1 Pig(P<0.05).On the other hand,the content of 2 monounsaturated fatty acids(C18:1,n-9c,and C20:1)and total monounsaturated fatty acids content in the muscles of Duroc and Fengjing crossbred F1 Pig were significantly higher than those of Fengjing pigs(P<0.05).Fengjing pigs exhibited lower muscle hardness compared to Duroc and Fengjing crossbred F1 Pig(P<0.01),but showed better cohesiveness and resilience(P<0.01).It can be seen that the amino acid nutrition of Fengjing pig pork is rich,the content of bitter amino acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid is prominent,and the texture quality is better than that of Dufeng hybrid F1 pig.The muscle fiber density increased and the content of monounsaturated fatty acids in muscle increased significantly after crossbreeding between Fengjing pig and Duroc pig.