论公私德关系对家校社协同的德育启思

On the Relationship between Public and Private Virtues to the Family-School-Community Cooperation of Moral Education

公德与私德是一对现代伦理概念,二者间的相互关系对家校社协同育人模式存在重要的指导意义。在中国传统道德发展过程中,美德是统一的整体,直到近代公私领域的二分,德性才开始分化。受历史与现实的影响,公德与私德保持着整体意义上的统一与部分的对立关系。现实生活中,家校社是重要的育德场所:家庭“以情化人”,是私德的发端与寓居;学校“以智润德”,作为私德与公德的枢纽;社会“践以絜矩”,乃公德的达至与归属。一方面,公私德内在的一致性、运行机制的同步性以及多元互通的相互关系,暗示着家校社共有同一个德育目标、协同共育的必然性以及三维立体的共育路径;另一方面,公私德的分化预示着家校社分别担负着不同的德育功能与三者间价值理性意义上的深度耦合关系。最后,要站在生活的整体性与历史的纵深性高度来看待家校社协同模式:每位道德主体既是受教者,也是施教者,共同构筑理想的教育生态。

Public and private virtues are a pair of modern ethical concepts,the relationship between the two has important guiding significance to the family-school-community cooperative education model.In the development of Chinese traditional morality,virtue is a unified whole,until the dichotomy of public and private sphere in modern times,virtue began to divide.Influenced by history and reality,public virtues and private virtues maintain the unity in the whole sense and the opposition in part.In real life,the family-school society is an important place for moral education:the family is the origin and residence of private virtues,the school is the hub of private virtues and public virtues,the society is the practice of thinking rules,is the attainment and belonging of public virtues.On the one hand,the internal consistency of public and private virtues,the synchronism of operation mechanism and the mutual relationship of multiple interworking,it implies that the family,school and community have the same goal of moral education,the inevitability of co-education and the three-dimensional co-education path.On the other hand,the differentiation of public and private virtues indicates that the family,school and community bear different functions of moral education and the deep coupling relations among them in the sense of value rationality.Finally,we should look at the family-school-community cooperation model from the perspective of the integrity of life and the depth of history:each moral subject is both a educator and a educator to build an ideal educational ecology.