行动者互动视域下算法影子官僚异化风险

The Risk of Algorithm Shadow Bureaucratic Alienation from the Perspective of Actors Interaction

以算法公司为组成主体的算法影子官僚参与数字政府建设,一方面极大提升数字政务服务能力,另一方面却利用算法优势将政府裹挟进黑箱之中,对数字政府建设造成威胁。本研究在已有研究基础之上,从以行动者为中心的互动视域出发,在宏观制度环境、微观互动逻辑中分别建构理论与现实的具体对话,探究算法影子官僚与政府部门多重行动主体之间互动样态及诱因,以此有效回应已有研究对于行动者之间互动关系结构样态与诱因论证的简单化、笼统化倾向。研究发现,互动关系失衡的异化风险具体表现为依存于固有的委托代理协作关系之下的算法黑箱风险,以及潜藏于层级协调机制所引致的行政偏差之下的隐秘共谋风险。这本质上是由算法黑箱和制度真空双重维度引致的治理堕距造成的,应从法律法规、价值规范、人才引培、监管治理等方面进行针对性化解。

The algorithm shadow bureaucrats with algorithm companies as the main body participate in the construction of digital government,on the one hand,greatly improve the ability of digital government services.on the other hand,they use the advantages of algorithms to bring the government into the black box,posing a threat to the construction of digital government.On the basis of existing research,from the perspective of actor-centered interaction,this study constructs the specific dialogue between theory and reality in the macro-institutional environment and micro-interaction logic,respectively,to explore the interaction patterns and incentives between algorithm shadow bureaucrats and multiple actors of government departments,so as to effectively respond to the simplification and generalization tendency of existing studies on the structure and inducement demonstration of interaction among actors.It is found that the alienation risk of interaction imbalance is embodied in the algorithm black box risk which depends on the inherent principal-agent cooperation relationship and the hidden collusion risk hidden under the administrative deviation caused by the hierarchical coordination mechanism.In essence,this is caused by the governance distance caused by the double dimensions of algorithm black box and system vacuum,which should be resolved from the aspects of laws and regulations,value norms,talent training,supervision and governance,etc.