生态危机的病因与根治:马克思物质变换理论视角的审度

The Etiology and Therapy of Ecological Crisis:Consideration from the Perspective of Marx’s Theory of Stoffwechsel

马克思物质变换理论为探究生态危机的发生病因和根治方案提供了审度视角。生态危机的致病因主要有资本主义奉行的利己主义、科学技术的资本主义应用、人口的城市化集聚及以资本增殖为目的的市场经济四个方面,生态危机的根治方案主要有以社会正义为保障控制人与自然之间的交往秩序、以自然规律为遵循控制技术性活动、以城乡融合为路径控制人口生产与环境资源之间的冲突及以财产公有为基础控制社会生产过程。与西方一些维护资本主义的主流生态思潮根本不同,马克思物质变换理论把变革资本主义制度作为根治生态危机的内在要求,是指导人类成功摆脱生态危机泥潭的一种生态文明思想。

Marx’s theory of Stoffwechsel provides a perspective for the exploration of the etiology and therapy of the ecological crisis.The egoism of capitalism,the capitalist application of science and technology,the urban agglomeration of population,and market economy for the purpose of capital multiplication generate the ecological crisis.The control to the order of intercourse between human and nature with the principles of social justice,the control to the technological action with the following to the natural laws,the control to the conflict between production of population and environmental resources with the method of the urban-rural integration,and the control to the social production process with base of property in common are the basic schemes that Marx’s theory of Stoffwechsel provides to the therapy of ecological crisis.Fundamentally different from some mainstream ecological thoughts in the West that maintain capitalism,Marx’s theory of Stoffwechsel takes changing the capitalist system as an inherent requirement to cure the ecological crisis.Therefore,it is the thought of ecological civilization that guides mankind to get rid of the quagmire of ecological crisis.