烟草钵体苗自动移栽机关键部件的设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Key Components for Tobacco Pot Seedling Automatic Transplanter

为提高烟草钵体苗移栽设备的自动化,解决现有移栽机械移栽效果不佳等问题,通过分析烟苗的表型和移栽过程,确定了自动移栽机的整机结构,对移栽机的穴盘输送装置、自动取投苗装置、柔性链输苗装置、栽植装置和覆土机构等关键部件进行了设计。利用UG、ADAMS和ANSYS软件对关键零部件开展了运动学和动力学联合仿真,以栽植频率、茎直径和栽植行走速比为试验因素,以直立度合格率和株距变异系数作为衡量指标,设计了正交试验并进行田间验证。结果表明,具备本研究所设计的移栽关键部件的烟苗自动移栽机,在栽植频率85株/min、烟苗茎直径4 mm和栽植行走速比1的最佳组合下,移栽后烟苗直立度合格率为94.42%,株距变异系数为3.25%。本研究所设计的烟草钵体苗自动移栽机可以满足烟苗移栽要求。

Aiming to enhance automation and transplanting efficiency of tobacco pot seedling transplanting equipment,the overall structure of automatic transplanter was determined by analyzing the phenotype and transplanting process of tobacco seedling.The key components of the transplanter were designed,including the devices of plug tray conveying,automatic seedling picking and dropping,flexible chain seedling transportation,planting,and soil covering mechanism.Joint kinematic and dynamic simulations of key components were conducted based on UG,ADAMS and ANSYS softwares.Orthogonal experiments were designed with planting frequency,stem diameter,and planting-forward speed ratio as experimental factors,the qualified rate of uprightness and the variation coefficient of plant spacing as measurement indicators.The verification experiments were carried out in tobacco field,with the designed key components applied in tobacco pot seedling automatic transplanter.Results showed that under the optimal parameter combination of planting frequency of 85 plants per minute,seedling stem diameter of 4 mm,and planting speed ratio of 1,by using the automatic transplanter with the designed key components,the qualified rate of seedling uprightness,and the plant spacing variation coefficient after transplanting reached 94.42% and 3.25%,respectively.The tobacco pot seedling automatic transplanter can meet the requirements of tobacco seedling transplantation.