什么是好戏剧?——易卜生、福瑟的回答及其启示

What is a Good Drama?Discussion Following up on Ibsen and Fosse's Answers

什么是好戏剧?易卜生认为:好戏剧是兼具真实性、戏剧性和诗意的戏剧,着重写人性内在的冲突,通过深邃的自审引发观者的共鸣,“在创造者与接受者之间架起一座感通之桥”;好戏剧既与时俱进,又敢于“跨越前人留下的边界”;好戏剧追求“诗歌、哲学与宗教的融合”,最终有助于“实现我们每个人真正的自由和高贵”。福瑟认为:好戏剧是“站立的诗”,能呈现出“新感性、新的音乐性和新思维”;好戏剧“可以让天使穿过舞台”,能带给人某些“无法用言语表达的心灵感通的瞬间”;好戏剧关注生活中最重要的、无法言说的存在,以独特形式直呈人类处境与本质。由此进一步探析,可以说:一流的好戏剧,是真实性、戏剧性、诗性、神性完美融合的戏剧,它们既是灵魂之诗、思想之诗与时代之诗,又是人类之镜、心灵之灯与通神之桥。

What is a good drama?Ibsen believed that a good drama should be something real,theatrical and poetic with a focus on the internal conflicts of human nature.He posited that the profound self-examination of the writer should resonate with the audience and that the drama should"build a bridge of empathy between the writer and the audience".A good drama,Ibsen argued,should not only keep pace with the times but also dare to"cross the boundary left by predecessors".It should be an"integration of poetry,philosophy and religion"and should ultimately help"each of us realize true freedom and nobility".Fosse believed that a good drama must be"a poem standing up"embodying"new sensibilities,new musicality and new thinking".It should"enable angels to traverse the stage"and allows the audience to experience"the rare moments of shared understanding so difficult to put into words".A good drama should concentrate on the most important,inexpressible aspect in life and directly present the conditions and nature of humanity.Based on the above discussion,it can be concluded that a first-class good drama is one that perfectly integrates authenticity,theatricality,poetry and divinity,which is not only a poem of the soul,of thought,and of the times but also serves as a mirror of humanity,a lamp to the soul,and a bridge to the divine.