2012-2023年丽水市疟疾病例特征分析

Characteristics of malaria cases in Lishui City from 2012 to 2023

目的分析2012—2023年浙江省丽水市疟疾病例特征,为完善疟疾防控措施提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息管理系统寄生虫病防治信息管理系统收集2012—2023年丽水市疟疾病例资料,描述性分析病例的感染虫种、感染来源、时间分布、人群分布、地区分布和临床诊疗情况。结果2012—2023年丽水市累计报告疟疾病例169例,以恶性疟为主,135例占79.88%;疟原虫检测阳性率为3.30‰(169/51212),2017年最高为5.41‰(18/3327),2021年最低为0.38‰(1/2632)。2012—2023年各月均有疟疾病例报告,5—10月累计报告91例,占53.85%。输入病例168例,来源于非洲163例,占96.45%。男性127例,占75.15%;年龄以20~<50岁为主,138例占81.65%;职业以境外劳务输出人员为主,164例占97.04%。户籍为丽水市161例,占95.27%;下辖9县(市、区)均有病例报告,以青田县和莲都区居多,分别为98和41例。疟疾病例发病至就诊间隔时间M(QR)为2.00(4.00)d,就诊至确诊间隔时间M(Q_(R))为0(1.00)d。市、县级医疗机构疟疾首诊病例确诊率分别为95.90%(117/122)和91.49%(43/47),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论2012—2023年丽水市疟疾以恶性疟为主,输入病例居多,20~<50岁男性境外劳务输出人员是重点人群。

Objective To investigate the characteristics and trends of malaria cases in Lishui City,Zhejiang Province from 2012 to 2023,so as to provide a basis for improving malaria prevention and control measures.Methods Case data of malaria in Lishui City from 2012 to 2023 were collected from the Parasitic Disease Control Information Management System of the National Information System for Disease Control and Prevention in China.The parasite species,source of infection,temporal distribution,population distribution,geographical distribution,and clinical diagnosis and treatment of the cases were descriptively analyzed.Results A total of 169 malaria cases were reported in Lishui City from 2012 to 2023,and P.falciparum malaria was the main type,accounting for 79.88%(135 cases).The positive rate of Plasmodium detection was 3.30‰(169/51212),the highest was 5.41‰(18/3327)in 2017,and the lowest was 0.38‰(1/2632)in 2021.Malaria cases were reported in every month from 2012 to 2023,with 91 cases(53.85%)reported from May to October.There were 168 imported cases,of which 163(96.45%)originated from Africa.There were 127 male cases(75.15%),and the majority of cases were aged 20 to 49 years,with 138 cases accounting for 81.65%.The majority of the occupation was overseas labor export workers,with 164 cases accounting for 97.04%.A total of 161 cases(95.27%)were registered residents of Lishui City,and cases were reported from all nine counties(cities,districts),with Qingtian County and Liandu District having the higher numbers of 98 and 41 cases,respectively.The median interval from onset to hospital visit for malaria cases was 2.00(interquartile range,4.00)days,and the median interval from hospital visit to diagnosis was 0(interquartile range,1.00)day.The diagnostic rate of first-diagnosed malaria cases in municipal and county medical institutions was 95.90%(117/122)and 91.49%(43/47),respectively,with no statistical significance(P>0.05).Conclusions The P.falciparum malaria was the predominant type in Lishui City from 2012 to 2023,with the majority of cases being imported.Male overseas labor export personnel aged 20 to<50 were the key demographic.