生物质衍生碳基复合吸波材料的分类、吸波机制与研究进展

Classification,absorbing mechanism and research progress of biomass-derived carbon-based composite absorbing materials

为解决电子信息技术带来的电磁波污染问题,碳基复合吸波材料受到了广泛的关注。生物质衍生碳复合材料不仅具有优异的电磁波吸收能力,还具有密度小、来源广泛和成本低等优点。本文首先阐述了生物质衍生碳的制备方法及过程;其次,依据生物科学分类法系统归纳了植物界类、真菌类、原生生物界类的3种生物质衍生碳的结构形貌特征,对生物质衍生碳基复合吸波材料近些年的研究成果进行了总结与综述;接着,对不同分类的吸波材料的结构形貌与电磁波吸收性能进行了对比,并分析了各类材料的吸波机制。最后,分析了目前生物质衍生碳基复合材料的吸波性能及其缺点,并对未来发展方向进行展望。本文为推进非动物类生物质衍生碳复合吸波材料的研究提供了较全面的归纳、分类、分析与理论支持,为其未来发展提供了思路。

In order to solve the electromagnetic wave pollution caused by electronic information technology,carbon-based composite absorbing materials have received extensive attention.Biomass-derived carbon composites not only have excellent electromagnetic wave absorption ability,but also have the advantages of low density,wide source and low cost.Firstly,the preparation method and process of biomass derived carbon are described.Secondly,the structural and morphological characteristics of three kinds of biomass-derived carbon,including plant kingdom,fungus kingdom and protista kingdom,were systematically summarized,and the research results of biomass-derived carbon-based composite absorbing materials in recent years were summarized.Then,the structural morphology and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of different kinds of absorbing materials are compared,and the absorbing mechanism of various materials is analyzed.Finally,the current wave absorbing properties and disadvantages of biomass-derived carbon matrix composites are analyzed,and the future development direction is prospected.This paper provides comprehensive induction,classification,analysis and theoretical support for promoting the research of non-animal biomass derived carbon composite absorbing materials,and provides ideas for its future development.