华北地区8701名健康人群中医体质分布特征分析

Analysis on distribution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine constitution of 8701 healthy people in North China

目的:探讨华北地区健康人群中医体质分布情况。方法:以2015年8月至2019年4月在华北地区体检结果为健康状态的人群作为研究对象进行调查分析,统计中医体质分布情况,以及不同性别、年龄、身体质量指数(BMI)、饮食习惯等因素影响对体质分布的影响。结果:8 701名华北地区健康人群中医体质中,平和质占比为48.04%,8种偏颇体质依次为气虚质(9.86%)、阳虚质(13.98%),阴虚质(4.83%),痰湿质(3.97%),湿热质(6.68%),血瘀质(4.21%),气郁质(5.23%),特禀质(3.20%)。以平和质最常见,8种偏颇体质中前3位为阳虚质、气虚质、湿热质。从性别分层看,8种偏颇体质中,男性排名前4名的体质依次是气虚质、湿热质、阳虚质、痰湿质;女性排名前4名的体质依次是阳虚质、气虚质、气郁质、血瘀质。湿热质、痰湿质男性多于女性(P<0.05)。从年龄分层看,平和质、气郁质、湿热质、痰湿质、阴虚质不同年龄段有显著性差异(P<0.05),平和质随年龄增高而增多,湿热质、痰湿质随着年龄增加而降低比较明显。从BMI分层看,平和质、气郁质、痰湿质、阳虚质中超重/肥胖者有显著性差异(P<0.05)。偏瘦人群、正常以及超重人群偏颇体质以阳虚质、气虚质、湿热质多见,而肥胖人群以气虚质、痰湿质、湿热质居多,随着体重增加阳虚质占比减少而痰湿质增多。从饮食习惯看,平和质、气郁质、阴虚质、阳虚质在饮食习惯方面有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:华北地区不同中医体质分布特征差异考虑与选取人群为健康人有关,同时健康人群中医体质与区域性、性别、BMI以及饮食习惯存在一定联系。

Objective:To investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution among healthy people in North China.Methods:From August 2015 to April 2019,the population whose constitution examination results were healthy in North China was investigated and analyzed.The constitution distribution of TCM was analyzed,and the constitution distribution affected by different factors such as gender,age,BMI and eating habits.Results:Among 8701 healthy people in North China,peaceful type was 48.04%,8 kinds of biased constitution were qi-deficiency type 9.86%,yang-deficiency type 13.98%,yindeficiency type 4.83%,phlegm-dampness type 3.97%,damp-heat type 6.68%,blood-stasis type 4.21%,qi-stagnation type 5.23%and special diathesis type 3.20%.Among the 8 kinds of biased constitutions,the top 3 were yang deficiency type,qi-deficiency type and damp-heat type.From the perspective of gender stratification,the top 4 constitutions of male were qi-deficiency type,damp-heat type,yang-deficiency type and phlegm-dampness type.The top 4 constitutions of female were yang deficiency type,qi-deficiency type,qi-stagnation type and blood-stasis type.Damp-heat type and phlegm-dampness type were more in men than in women(P<0.05).In terms of age stratification,peace type,qi-stagnation type,damp-heat type,phlegm-wet type and yindeficiency type had significant differences in different age groups(P<0.05).Peace type increased with increasing age,and dampheat quality and phlegm-wet type decreased significantly with increasing age.In terms of BMI stratification,there were significant differences among overweight/obese people in peace quality,qi-stagnation type,phlegm-dampness type and yang-deficiency type(P<0.05).In lean,normal and overweight people,yang-deficiency type,qi-deficiency type and damp-heat type are more common,while in obese people,qi-deficiency type,phlegm-dampness type and dampness-heat type are more common.With the increase of body weight,the proportion of yang-deficiency type decreases and phlegm-dampness type increases.From the point of view of eating habits,there were obvious differences in eating habits among Pingping quality,qi-stagnation type,yin-deficiency type and yang-deficiency type(P<0.05).Conclusion:The differences in the distribution characteristics of different TCM constitutions in North China were considered to be related to the selection of healthy people,and the TCM constitutions of healthy people were related to region,gender,BMI and eating habits.