广东省6~9岁小学生屈光与体格发育指标的相关性

Correlation between refractive development and physical growth indices in primary school students aged 6-9 years in Guangdong Province

目的分析6~9岁小学生屈光与体格发育指标的相关性,为制定科学有效的防控措施提供参考依据。方法于2020年10月采用分层整群随机抽样方法选取广东省2833名6~9岁小学生进行视力筛查、眼生物学参数测量和体格检查。采用χ^(2)检验、t检验和方差分析比较不同组别近视率和检测指标,多重线性回归模型分析身高、体重和体质量指数(BMI)与屈光发育指标的相关性。结果6~9岁小学生的筛查性近视率为16.7%,近视率随年龄增加而上升(χ_(趋势)^(2)=51.58,P<0.01)。近视组身高、体重[(126.96±7.41)cm,(26.59±6.45)kg]均高于非近视组[(124.76±7.77)cm,(25.42±5.87)kg](t值分别为5.84,3.65,P值均<0.01)。6~9岁小学生等效球镜度数(SE)、眼轴长度(AL)、前房深度(ACD)、眼轴长度与角膜曲率半径比值(AL/CR)均值分别为(-0.17±1.04)D、(22.96±0.78)mm、(3.38±0.24)mm、(2.95±0.08),在不同年龄、近视程度组间差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为37.08,119.20,41.54,133.60;935.30,184.10,73.95,498.50,P值均<0.01)。多重线性回归模型校正性别、年龄、城乡等因素后,身高与AL、CR,体重与ACD,BMI与AL、ACD均呈正相关(β值分别为0.191,0.070,0.035,0.013,0.007,P值均<0.05)。将研究对象按是否近视进行分层,非近视组结果与总体相似,近视组身高、BMI与AL相关均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论在6~9岁小学生中,非近视组身高、BMI和AL呈正相关,近视组未观察到类似关联,提示除体格发育因素外,更应关注环境和行为等因素对屈光发育的影响。

Objective To analyze the correlation between refractive errors and physical development indicators among primary school students aged 6 to 9,so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of effective prevention and control measures.Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to recruit 2833 elementary school students aged 6 to 9 from Guangdong Province for vision screening,ocular biometry,and physical examinations in Octorber,2020.The Chi-square test,ttest,and ANOVA were employed to compare myopia rates and indicator values across different groups.Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the correlations between height,weight,and body mass index(BMI)with refractive development indicators.Results The screening myopia rate among primary school students aged 6 to 9 was 16.7%,and the myopia rate increased with age(χ^(2)=51.58,P<0.01).The height and weight of the myopic group[(126.96±7.41)cm,(26.59±6.45)kg]were higher than those of the non-myopic group[(124.76±7.77)cm,(25.42±5.87)kg](t=5.84,3.65,P<0.01).The mean values of spherical equivalent(SE),axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),and AL/corneal curvature radius(CR)ratio for students aged 6 to 9 were(-0.17±1.04)D,(22.96±0.78)mm,(3.38±0.24)mm,and(2.95±0.08),respectively,with statistically significant differences across different age and myopia severity groups(t=37.08,119.20,41.54,133.60;935.30,184.10,73.95,498.50,P<0.01).After adjusting for gender,age,and residence,the multiple linear regression model showed that height was positively correlated with AL and CR,weight was positively correlated with ACD,and BMI was positively correlated with AL and ACD(β=0.191,0.070,0.035,0.013,0.007,P<0.05).When stratified by myopia status,results for the non-myopic group were similar to the overall results,whereas in the myopic group,the correlations between height,BMI,and AL were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions Among primary school students aged 6 to 9,height and BMI are positively correlated with AL in the nonmyopic group but no similar correlation is observed in the myopic group,indicating that factors other than physical development,such as environmental and behavioral factors,should be considered for their impact on refractive development.