儿童青少年生活方式与不同部位脂肪质量指数的关联

Association between lifestyle and fat mass index in different positions of children and adolescents

目的分析7~18岁儿童青少年生活方式与身体不同部位脂肪质量指数(FMI)的关联,为促进中国儿童青少年健康提供科学依据。方法2020年9—12月和2022年8月,采用立意抽样方法从北京市通州区4所学校抽取1531名7~18岁学生。问卷调查收集生活方式信息,包括饮食、中高强度体力活动、吸烟饮酒行为、睡眠时长和睡眠质量;双能X射线骨密度仪采集不同部位脂肪含量,计算全身、腹部、躯干、大腿、臀部和上肢FMI。采用t检验和χ^(2)检验进行组间比较,Logistic回归分析生活方式与不同部位FMI的关联。结果与健康生活方式组相比,不健康生活方式组高-躯干FMI的风险更高(OR=1.40,P<0.05)。调整性别和年龄后,与健康生活方式组相比,不健康生活方式组高-总FMI、高-腹部FMI和高-躯干FMI的风险更高(OR值分别为1.37,1.37,1.50,P值均<0.05)。分层分析后,仅在7~12岁女生中不健康生活方式与高-总FMI、高-腹部FMI、高-躯干FMI和高-大腿FMI关联有统计学意义(OR值分别为2.13,2.46,2.13,2.13,P值均<0.05)。结论不健康生活方式与全身、腹部和躯干脂肪增高有关。在青春期尤其是青春期之前保持健康生活方式,有助于儿童青少年减少全身脂肪,促进其体成分均衡分布。

Objective To explore the association between lifestyle and fat mass index(FMI)in different positions of children and adolescents aged 7-18,so as to provide a scientific basis for health promotion in children and adolescents.Methods A total of 1531 students aged 7-18 was selected by intentional sampling from 4 schools in Tongzhou District,Beijing from September to December in 2020 and August in 2022.Questionnaire survey was used to collect lifestyle including dietary behavior,moderate to vigorous physical activity,smoke and drink behaviors,sleep time and sleep quality.Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was employed to assess fat mass,and calculated total,android,trunk,hip,gynoid and leg fat mass index(FMI).The t-test and Chi-square test were used to compare the differences of different lifestyle.Logistic regression was used to analysis association between lifestyle and body composition in different positions.Results Compared with healthy lifestyle,unhealthy lifestyle had higher risk for high-trunk FMI(OR=1.40,P<0.05).After adjusted for sex and age,unhealthy lifestyle had higher risk for high-total FMI,high-android FMI,high-trunk FMI(OR=1.37,1.37,1.50,P<0.05),compared with healthy lifestyle.Stratified analysis found the associations between unhealthy lifestyle and high-total FMI,high-android FMI,high-trunk FMI,and high-thigh FMI were only significant in girls with 7-12 years old(OR=2.13,2.46,2.13,2.13,P<0.05).Conclusions Unhealthy lifestyle is associated with high-total FMI,high-android FMI and high-trunk FMI.A healthy lifestyle should be maintained during puberty,especially before puberty,to help children and adolescents reduce body fat and promote a balanced distribution of body composition.