钐钴永磁废料回收稀土研究现状及展望

Research Status and Prospect of Rare Earth Recovery from Samarium Cobalt Permanent Magnetic Waste

钐钴(Sm-Co)稀土永磁材料因其在恶劣环境下优异的磁性能,目前在新能源、电子信息等特殊领域应用广泛。在生产与使用Sm-Co永磁材料时会产生大量废料,从废旧永磁体中高效回收有价金属,对于缓解中国战略金属资源紧缺意义重大。长期以来,研究人员致力于开展Nd-Fe-B永磁体废料的回收研究,对Sm-Co永磁废料回收研究较少。因此本文综述了目前Sm-Co永磁废料的回收工艺,对比了盐酸优溶法、硫酸复盐法、酸性沉淀法等湿法工艺的优势与不足;分析了氯化法、玻璃渣法等火法工艺回收永磁废料的可行性与经济效益;单独介绍了电沉积法、氢化法、重熔法回收Sm-Co永磁废料的局限性;并提出钐钴永磁废料回收技术的绿色高效回收工艺及可能发展方向。

Sm-Co rare earth permanent magnetic materials are widely used in new energy,electronic information and other special fields due to their excellent magnetic properties in harsh environments.When producing and using Sm-Co permanent magnet materials,a large amount of waste materials will be produced.Efficient recovery of valuable metals from waste permanent magnets is of great significance for alleviating the shortage of strategic metal resources in China.For a long time,researchers have been committed to the research on the recovery of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet waste,and there is little research on the recovery of Sm-Co permanent magnet waste.Therefore,this paper summarizes the current recovery process of Sm-Co permanent magnet waste,and compares the advantages and disadvantages of wet processes such as hydrochloric acid preferential solution method,sulfuric acid double salt method,and acid precipitation method;The feasibility and economic benefits of pyrometallurgical processes such as chlorination and glass slag for recovering permanent magnet waste are analyzed.The limitations of electrodeposition,hydrogenation and remelting methods to recover Sm-Co permanent magnetic waste are introduced separately.The green and efficient recovery process of samarium cobalt permanent magnetic waste recovery technology and its possible development direction are also proposed.