考虑坠撞环境影响的民机应急撤离实验

Emergency evacuation experiment of civil aircraft considering crash environment impact

民机可生存坠撞事故中的环境因素对乘员撤离具有重要影响。本文基于典型民机可生存坠撞事故场景特点,提出了可模拟典型坠撞事故环境的乘员应急撤离实验方法,介绍了机体姿态、环境声/光、客舱障碍物、舷窗视效环境的模拟方法以及人员撤离轨迹的高精度测量方法,并通过志愿者实验分别研究了机体倾斜姿态、事故声/光环境、过道障碍物等坠撞环境因素对民机乘员应急撤离的影响规律。结果表明:本文提出的考虑坠撞环境影响的应急撤离实验方法和坠撞环境模拟方案可行,获得了有效的实验数据;当机体姿态在俯仰角±5°以内变化时,对多乘员撤离的撤离总时间和撤离效率无显著影响,人群在过道区域上坡和下坡速度的差异随着俯仰角的增大而增大;坠撞事故声音和光照环境对乘员应急撤离有一定影响,事故背景声效会使撤离总时间减少,应急照明会使撤离总时间增加;客舱过道中存在障碍物时所需的撤离总时间总体增加,障碍物越靠近出口,撤离效率越低,而且相较于可移动型障碍物,固定型的障碍物会导致更低的撤离效率。

The environmental factors in survivable civil aircraft crash accidents have a significant impact on passenger evacuation.Based on the characteristics of typical survivable civil aircraft crash accident scenarios,this paper proposes an experimental method for passenger emergency evacuation that can simulate typical crash accident environments,and introduces simulation methods for aircraft body attitudes,environmental sound/light,cabin obstacles,visual environment of portholes,and high-precision measurement methods for the personnel evacuation trajectory.The impact of crash environment factors such as aircraft body tilt attitudes,accident sound/light environments,and aisle obstacles on the emergency evacuation of civil aircraft passengers is studied through volunteer experiments.The results indicate that the proposed experimental method for emergency evacuation considering the impact of crash environment and the simulation scheme for crash environment are feasible,and obtain effective experimental data;the aircraft body attitude change within a pitch angle of±5°has no significant impact on the total evacuation time and evacuation efficiency of multi-passenger evacuation,and the difference in the speed of passengers moving uphill and downhill in the aisle area increases with the increase of pitch angle;the sound and lighting environment of the crash accident have a certain impact on the emergency evacuation of passengers,and the accident background sound can reduce the total evacuation time,while emergency lighting increases the total evacuation time;obstacles in the cabin aisle overall increase the total evacuation time,with a shorter distance between the obstacles and the exit resulting in lower evacuation efficiency;compared to movable obstacles,fixed obstacles can lead to lower evacuation efficiency.