企业数字化助推劳动配置效率:机制和异质性

Enterprise Digitalization Boosts Labor Force Allocation Efficiency:Mechanism and Heterogeneity

基于2007-2021年中国非金融类上市企业的研究样本,构建了企业层面的数字化转型指标和劳动配置效率指标,探讨企业数字化转型对企业劳动配置效率的影响。研究发现:企业数字化转型有利于优化企业劳动配置效率;企业数字化转型主要通过缓解企业信息不对称、激励企业创新、优化企业内部治理等渠道提高劳动配置效率;异质性分析表明,企业数字化转型在非国有企业、劳动密集型企业、非垄断企业以及高人力资本企业当中促进劳动配置效率的程度更大;进一步研究发现,企业数字化转型并未造成人力资本的“虹吸”效应,因而也推动劳动力在不同数字化水平的企业间合理配置。研究结论对企业如何抓住数字化转型的机遇提高劳动配置效率具有一定的借鉴意义,也为政府如何引导企业进行数字化转型提供了思路。

Seizing the opportunities of digitalization,unleashing economic vitality,fully leveraging the advantages of the digital economy,promoting deep integration between digital technology and the real economy,empowering the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries,optimizing resource allocation,has become the mission of the times for enterprises and a strategic high ground that needs to be seized urgently.Against this backdrop,digital transformation of enterprises has drawn wide attention from the political sphere,academia,and various industries.Optimizing the market-oriented allocation of labor factors is conducive to smoothing the circulation of the national economy,enhancing the market’s resource allocation function,and is the necessary path to achieving high-quality economic development in our country.With the rapid development of the digital economy and the deep integration of digital technology with the real economy,an opportunity is provided for enterprises to enhance their own factor allocation through digital transformation.Based on a sample of non-financial listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2007 to 2021,this paper constructs indicators of the degree of digital transformation at the enterprise level and labor allocation efficiency to investigate the impact of enterprise digital transformation on the allocation of labor resources.The specific conclusions are as follows:(1)At the current stage,enterprise digital transformation is conducive to optimizing the efficiency of labor factor allocation,improving labor allocation efficiency by around 3.2%,as verified by robustness tests;(2)Mechanism analysis indicates that enterprise digital transformation mainly improves labor allocation efficiency through channels such as improving information quality,incentivizing corporate innovation,and optimizing internal governance;(3)Heterogeneity analysis shows that digital transformation has varying degrees of impact on labor allocation efficiency in enterprises with different ownership nature,factor intensiveness,monopoly degree,and human capital level.Specifically,the impact of digital transformation on labor allocation efficiency is relatively small or even negative in state-owned enterprises,capital-intensive enterprises,monopoly enterprises,and enterprises with low human capital;(4)Further analysis reveals that enterprise digital transformation has not caused a“siphoning”effect on human capital,thus promoting rational allocation of labor across enterprises with different levels of digitalization.Based on the research conclusions,reasonable suggestions and ideas with reference significance are proposed for how enterprises can seize the opportunities of digital transformation to improve factor allocation efficiency and how the government can guide enterprises in digital transformation and maintain market competition order.