欧盟文化遗产的经济影响测度及对我国的启示

Economic impact measurement of European Union cultural heritage and its enlightenment to China

研究与认识文化遗产的经济价值,是保护和合理利用文化遗产的前提,也是制定相关空间规划和土地支持政策的重要依据。本文介绍了欧盟相关研究进展和成果,欧盟采用价值链模型方法,测度了欧盟文化遗产对经济社会的影响,研究表明,2016年,11个欧洲国家和地区文化遗产相关就业人数约55万人,营业额为840亿欧元,总增加值为325亿欧元;旅游业和建筑业是文化遗产对经济影响最大贡献者,就业人数、营业额和总增加值三项指标都占到90%以上;葡萄牙北部、挪威、意大利的部分地区和荷兰以西的南部文化遗产最多,休闲度假旅客人数与文化遗产数量高度一致。据此,本文从制定文化遗产各级各类的保护名录、改进经济社会统计分类、完善数据收集机制、将文化遗产纳入国土空间规划监测体系等方面提出了对策建议。研究结果对于定量分析文化遗产的经济社会影响具有参考价值,可为空间规划编制与监测评估以及文化产业政策制定提供参考。

Studying and understanding the economic value of cultural heritage is the premise for the protection and rational utilization of cultural heritage,and also an important basis for formulating and guiding the spatial planning and land support policies related to historical and cultural heritage.This paper introduces the research progress and achievements of the European Union,which adopts a value chain model method to measure the impact of European Union cultural heritage on the socio-economic situation.The results show that in 2016,the number of employees related to cultural heritage in 11 European countries and regions was about 55,000,the turnover was 84 billion Euros,the added value was 32.4 billion Euros.Tourism and construction industries are the largest contributors to the economic impact of cultural heritage,and the three indicators of employment,turnover and total added value all account for more than 90%.The regions with the most cultural heritage are located in northern Portugal,Norway,parts of Italy and the southwest of the Netherlands.The number of leisure tourists is highly consistent with the number of cultural heritage.Based on this,this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of formulating protection lists for cultural heritage at all level,improving socio-economic statistical classification,improving data collection mechanisms,and incorporating cultural heritage into the territorial spatial planning and monitoring system.The research results have reference value for quantitative analysis of social and economic impact of cultural heritage industry,and can provide reference for spatial planning,monitoring and evaluation,and cultural industry policy formulation.