2012—2022年新疆肺结核疫情分析

Analysis of the tuberculosis epidemic in Xinjiang from 2012 to 2022

目的分析2012—2022年新疆肺结核流行病学特征,为制定肺结核防治策略提供科学依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统-传染病报告信息管理系统中,导出2012年1月1日至2022年12月31日新疆报告的肺结核病例资料,采用描述流行病学方法分析疫情的分布特征。结果2012—2022年新疆共报告肺结核病例445443例,年均报告发病率168.78/10万。2012—2018年报告发病率呈上升趋势(趋势χ^(2)=66.231,P<0.001),2018年迅速上升至最高峰后呈逐年下降趋势(趋势χ^(2)=256.634,P<0.001)。与2012年相比,2022年报告发病率下降了62.40%,年均递降率为21.70%。报告发病率居前4位的地区为喀什地区、阿克苏地区、和田地区和克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州。男性年均报告发病率189.67/10万,女性169.11/10万;≥60岁组报告发病率高于15岁~组(χ^(2)=754.291,P<0.001)和<15岁组(χ^(2)=695.512,P<0.001)。报告病例职业以农民为主、占72.72%。结论2012—2022年新疆肺结核报告发病率整体快速下降,但防控工作仍不可松懈,应持续严格落实各项防控措施,继续实施主动筛查策略,全面提升结核病防控工作的综合质量。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Xinjiang from 2012 to 2022,and provide a scientific basis for formulating tuberculosis prevention and control strategies.Methods Tuberculosis case data reported in Xinjiang from January 1,2012,to December 31,2022,were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention-Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of the epidemic.Results A total of 445443 tuberculosis patients were reported in Xinjiang from 2012 to 2022,with an average annual reported incidence rate of 168.78/100000.Incidence rate reported from 2012 to 2018 showed an upward trend(trendχ^(2)=66.231,P<0.001),rapidly rising to peak in 2018 and showing a decreasing trend year by year(trendχ^(2)=256.634,P<0.001).Compared with 2012,the reported incidence rate in 2022 decreased by 62.40%,with an average annual decline rate of 21.70%.Kashi prefecture,Aksu prefecture,Hotan prefecture and Kizilsu kirghiz autonomous prefecture were the top four prefectures in terms of reported incidence rate.The average annual reported incidence rate was 189.67/100000 for males and 169.11/100000 for females.The reported incidence rate in the age group≥60 years old was significantly higher than that in 15-59 age group(χ^(2)=754.291,P<0.001)and<15 age group(χ^(2)=695.512,P<0.001).The reported cases were mainly farmers,accounting for 72.72%.Conclusions From 2012 to 2022,the reported incidence rate of tuberculosis in Xinjiang showed a trend of rapid decline,but the prevention and control efforts still should not be relaxed.We should continue to strictly implement various prevention and control measures,continue to implement active screening strategies,and comprehensively improve the comprehensive overall quality of tuberculosis prevention and control work.