药用植物抗菌活性及其在文物微生物防治中的研究进展

Antimicrobial Activities of Medicinal Plants and Their Application for Controlling Microbial Deterioration at Cultural Heritage Sites

抗菌剂处理是文物微生物病害防治的主要手段之一,然而传统无机、有机抗菌剂对文物和环境存在危害,其应用受到限制。近年来,基于环境友好和高效抗菌等优势,来源于药用植物的天然抗菌剂在文物保护领域受到广泛关注。本文对近十年来药用植物在医学和文物保护等领域的抗菌研究进行了梳理分析,总结了药用植物的抗菌活性成分类型以及基于植物学和中药学分类特征的主要抗菌植物类群,描述了药用植物多靶点、多途径的协同抗菌机制、抗菌成分的提取和评价方法,并回顾了药用植物在文物微生物病害防治中的研究现状。总结分析了天然抗菌剂在文物保护领域应用所面临的挑战,并展望其未来发展趋势,以期为文物抗菌材料的研发和应用提供参考和借鉴。

Antibacterial agents are one of the primary methods used to prevent and control the spread of microorganisms in cultural heritage sites.However,traditional inorganic and organic antimicrobial agents are hazardous to both cultural heritage items and their surrounding environments,so the application of these methods is currently very limited.In recent years,natural agents derived from medicinal plants have received wide attention in the field of cultural heritage conservation for their environmental friendliness and antimicrobial efficiency.This paper analyzes the current state of research on the antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants in the fields of medicine and cultural heritage conservation from the past decade,summarizes the active antimicrobial components of these plants,and reviews the available research relevant to the application of plants in the prevention and control of microbial deterioration in cultural relics.The study also provides the main antimicrobial plant taxa based on botanical characteristics and traditional Chinese pharmacology,describes the synergistic antimicrobial mechanism in multi-targets and multi-pathways,and lays out the primary extraction and evaluation methods for antimicrobial components.Various challenges remain for the future development of natural antimicrobial agents in the field of cultural heritage conservation;this study is meant to further the progress of this research.