考虑热效应的空化流动研究进展

A REVIEW ON CAVITATION FLOWS CONSIDERING THERMAL EFFECTS

高速航行体的多相水动力学过程,如水下发射与超空泡航行等,在通入高温气体形成空泡的过程中需考虑热效应对空泡动力学的影响.且火箭低温液态燃料供应及核反应堆高温管道输送等工程问题中发生的空化现象也具有显著的热效应.在以上流动中,热效应不仅仅会改变流体的物理性质,影响相间质量输运和热传递,还会引发复杂的动力学和热力学变化,因此考虑热效应的空化机理、能量的传递和输运规律以及流动不稳定性机理是亟需解决的关键科学问题.文章基于不同影响因素将考虑热效应的空化流动分为高温壁面空化、高温通气空泡、高温水空化以及低温热敏流体空化,并分别综述了4类情况下空泡演化特性和影响规律.此外,总结归纳了数值模拟考虑热效应的空化流动常用的空化模型和湍流模型,以及在实验研究中采用的各种多物理场测量技术,但相关数值仿真和实验技术还有待进一步发展完善.未来还需深入研究热效应对空化流动生成和稳定性的影响机制,全面了解和掌握热效应空化流动的特点和行为,为相关领域的工程设计和优化提供更加准确的数据支撑、分析工具和理论基础.

In the multi-phase hydrodynamic processes of high-speed vehicles,such as underwater emission and supercavitation navigation,it is necessary to consider the influence of thermal effect on the cavitation dynamics during the process of passing high temperature gas to form the cavitation.These dynamics are influenced during the formation of cavities by the injection of high-temperature gases.Moreover,cavitation phenomena also arise in engineering challenges like the supply of cryogenic liquid fuel in rockets and the high-temperature fluid transport through nuclear reactor pipelines.In these scenarios,thermal effects not only alter the physical properties of fluids,affecting interphase mass transport and heat transfer,but also trigger complex dynamics and significant thermodynamic changes.Understanding the mechanisms of cavitation influenced by thermal effects,as well as the laws governing energy transfer and flow instability mechanisms,constitutes a primary scientific challenge.This paper categorizes cavitation or cavity flows considering thermal effects into four types,defined by specific influencing factors:cavitation above high-temperature wall,cavitation by high-temperature ventilation,cavitation of high-temperature water,and cavitation of low-temperature thermally sensitive fluid.The paper provides a comprehensive review of the evolution characteristics and influence rules of cavitation under these four types of conditions.It discusses cavitation models and turbulence models that are commonly utilized in numerical simulations considering thermal effects,alongside various multiphysics field measurement techniques employed in experimental studies.However,it acknowledges that both numerical simulation techniques and experimental methodologies in this field require further development and refinement.In the future,it is necessary to delve deeper into the influence mechanism of thermal effect on the generation and stability of cavitation flows.A thorough understanding of these effects is crucial for mastering the characteristics and behaviors of thermally influenced cavitation flows.Achieving this understanding is essential for providing more accurate data support,analytical tools,and theoretical foundations necessary for engineering design and optimization in related fields.