民事诉讼法与民法关系的再认识——基于“权—诉架构”的考察和分析

Reunderstanding of the Relationship Between Civil Procedure Law and Civil Law——Based on the Investigation and Analysis of the “Right-Action Framework”

实体请求权是连接民事实体法与民事程序法的纽带和桥梁。通过这一纽带和桥梁,民事实体法对民事诉讼制度具有了预设和牵制作用,由此,两者之间形成了一种“权—诉架构”的联系。“权—诉架构”对民事诉讼中的诉讼主体、诉讼客体、请求与抗辩、诉的变更、诉的合并与分离、事实认定、诉讼证明、裁判方式、判决效力等都有着直接的影响和决定作用。这一结构对民事诉讼法的自主性形成了一定的限制,导致民事诉讼制度建构在一定程度上的被动性。考察和分析这一结构对民事诉讼法的作用机制,有利于人们更清晰和深入地认识民法与民事诉讼法的内在关系,更清晰地认识到民事诉讼法自主性的边界和发展方向。

Substantive right of claim serves as the link and bridge connecting civil substantive law and civil procedural law.Through this link and bridge,civil substantive law has a predetermined and constraining effect on the civil procedure system,thus forming a “right-action framework” connection between the two.The “right-action framework” has a direct impact and decisive role on the action subject,action object,claim and defense,action change,action merger and separation,fact finding,action evidence,adjudication method and judgment effectiveness in civil action.This structure imposes certain limitations on the autonomy of the civil procedure law,leading to a certain degree of passivity in the construction of the civil action system.Investigating and analyzing the mechanism of this structure on the civil procedure law is beneficial for people to have a clearer and deeper understanding of the inherent relationship between civil law and civil procedure law,and to have a clearer understanding of the boundaries and development direction of the autonomy of civil procedure law.