非物质文化遗产保护传承路径探讨——基于政策主导性与文化自觉性的视角

Exploring Pathways for the Protection and Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage:A Policy-driven and Cultural Self-Awareness Perspective

非物质文化遗产作为经济发展、社会变迁与文化演进的见证,对其开展系统保护和有效传承,不仅有助于提升非遗融入文化全球化的自觉性,而且有助于提高民族文化竞争力。基于扎根理论,从政府政策主导性及民众文化自觉性两方面,以截至2023年11月中央政府及各部委颁布的非遗保护传承相关政策文本及访谈资料为样本,对其进行开放式编码、主轴编码、选择性编码及理论饱和度检验,得到279个初始概念,并归集为60个初始范畴及9个主范畴,形成以“行为层非遗保护传承路径”“意识层非遗保护传承路径”为核心的完整故事线。结果显示:顶层设计、工作机制、组织实施、支持体系、监督、评估及奖惩是非遗保护传承行为实践的主要影响因素;非遗本体认知、文化主体意识、观念理念、文化自觉是非遗保护传承意识强化的主要影响因素;各影响因素交互作用,形成自上而下与自下而上相结合、行为与意识相统一的非遗保护传承路径。

Intangible cultural heritage,serving as a testament to economic development,social changes,and cultural evolution,greatly benefits from systematic protection and effective transmission.Not only does this facilitate the integration of intangible heritage into cultural globalization,enhancing its awareness,but it also boosts the competitiveness of national cultures.Utilizing grounded theory and focusing on the leadership of government policies and the cultural awareness of the public,this study analyzes policies and interview materials related to the protection and transmission of intangible cultural heritage issued by the central government and various ministries up until November 2023.Through open coding,axial coding,selective coding,and tests of theoretical saturation,the study identifies 279 initial concepts,which are organized into 60 initial categories and 9 main categories.This forms a complete narrative centered on the“behavioral pathways for the protection and transmission of intangible heritage”and the“conscious pathways for the protection and transmission of intangible heritage.”The research results reveal that the primary factors influencing the practical actions of protecting and transmitting intangible cultural heritage are top-level design,working mechanisms,organization and implementation,support systems,supervision,evaluation,and rewards and penalties.Additionally,the awareness of the heritage itself,cultural identity awareness,conceptual ideologies,and cultural self-awareness are the main factors enhancing the consciousness for heritage protection and transmission.The interaction among these factors ultimately forms a pathway for the protection and transmission of intangible cultural heritage that integrates both top-down and bottom-up approaches,harmonizing actions and consciousness.