454份小麦品种(系)赤霉病抗性鉴定及优异种质筛选

Identification of Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Screening of Superior Germplasm of 454 Wheat Varieties(Lines)

赤霉病是由禾谷镰刀菌等引发的小麦真菌病害,严重影响小麦的产量和品质。本研究选取了来自江苏、湖北、安徽、四川、河南等地区的454份小麦品种(系),采用单花滴注法鉴定赤霉病抗性,检测Fhb1、Fhb2、Fhb4、Fhb5和QFhs.crc-2DL紧密连锁的分子标记,并对其株高、穗长、千粒重等农艺性状进行筛选。结果表明,454份小麦品种(系)中,7份表现为高抗赤霉病,115份中抗赤霉病,177份中感赤霉病。分子标记检测结果显示,同时含4个抗病基因的材料有5份,其中4份达到高抗水平;同时含3个抗病基因的材料有10份,达中抗以上材料有7份;有12份材料仅含有Fhb1,平均病小穗率25.48%;有100份材料仅含QFhs.crc-2DL,平均病小穗率32.24%。同时赤霉病抗性与高秆、穗稀等不良农艺性状连锁。结合农艺性状表现,筛选出生选4号、襄麦35、宁麦19等26份农艺性状优良兼抗赤霉病的小麦品种(系),可作为小麦赤霉病遗传育种的种质资源。

Fusarium head blight(FHB)is a fungal disease of wheat mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum,which seriously reduce the yield and quality of wheat.In order to explore resistant germplasm resources and resistant genes to FHB,454 wheat cultivars(lines)from the regions of Jiangsu,Hubei,Anhui,Sichuan,and Henan,were selected as materials.Resistance to FHB was identified by single-flower drop injection method.Molecular markers related to Fhb1,Fhb2,Fhb4,Fhb5,and QFhs.crc-2DL were used for molecular screen,and the yield-related agronomic traits were investigated among the cultivars(lines),such as plant height,spike length,thousand-grain weight,etc.The results showed that among the 454 wheat varieties(lines),seven varieties performed high resistance to FHB;115 varieties were moderately resistant to FHB,and 177 cultivars were moderately susceptible to FHB.The results of molecular screen showed that five materials contain four disease resistance genes,among which four materials reached to the level of high resistance;10 materials contain three disease resistance genes,among which seven reached to the level of medium resistance.Twelve materials contain only Fhb1 with an average diseased spikelet rate of 25.48%;100 materials contain only QFhs.crc-2DL with an average diseased spikelet rate of 32.24%.It was found that wheat FHB resistance is often linked with poor agronomic traits such as excessive plant height and spike sparseness.A total of 26 wheat varieties(lines)were screened with excellent agronomic traits and resistance to downy mildew,such as Shengxuan 4,Xiangmai 35,Ningmai 19,etc.,which can be used as wheat FHB genetic breeding germplasm resources.