算法介入下众包骑手劳动关系司法认定的实践检视、困境剖析与标准重释

The Practical Inspection,Dilemma Analysis and Standard Release of the Judicial Identification of Labor Relations of Crowdsourcing Riders under the Intervention of the Algorithm

平台用工模式相较于传统用工模式更加灵活开放、复杂多样。尽管传统的劳动关系认定标准仍有适用价值,但不能完全适用于新业态用工形态下的平台用工模式。审判实践中,众包骑手劳动关系认定出现了平台企业与众包骑手关系性质定性不明、适用法律机械、认定标准模糊以及归责对象单一等问题。破除当前困境的关键在于对劳动关系从属性司法认定方式进行重新解释,强化算法作为新要素在人身从属性和经济从属性判断中的作用,在审判实践中结合当事人提交的证据做实质考察。同时在坚持“劳动关系—民事关系”二分模式的基础上,从合同法和侵权责任法中寻找解决方法。

Compared with the traditional employment mode,the platform employment mode is more flexible,open,complex and diversified.Although the traditional labor relationship identification standards still have applicable value,it cannot be fully applied to the platform employment mode under the new form of employment.In the trial practice,the identification of the labor relationship between the crowdsourcing riders has caused some problems,such as the unclear nature of the relationship between the platform enterprise and the crowdsourcing riders,the applicable legal machinery,the vague content of the identification standard,and the single attribution object of responsibility.The key to break the current predicament is to reinterpret the judicial determination of labor relations,strengthen the role of algorithm as a new element in the judgment of personal attribute and economic attribute,and make substantive investigation combined with the evidence submitted by the parties in the trial practice.At the same time,on the basis of adhering to the dichotomy mode of“labor relations-civil relations”,the solution is sought from the contract law and tort liability law.