甘肃省兰州市大学生抑郁和焦虑现状及相关因素分析

Depression and anxiety and their related factors among college students in Lanzhou,Gansu Province

目的了解大学生抑郁和焦虑的现状及相关因素。方法采用横断面研究方法,随机抽取2023年3—7月甘肃省4所高校共625名大学生进行问卷调查;分别采用抑郁和焦虑自评量表分析抑郁和焦虑现状;采用卡方检验、单因素和多因素二元Logistic回归分析抑郁和焦虑的相关因素。结果大学生群体中抑郁和焦虑的检出率分别为48.3%和22.9%。其中,单因素结果显示年龄≥21岁(χ^(2)=17.74)、医学专业(χ^(2)=19.93)、低年级(χ^(2)=24.5)、来自城市(χ^(2)=8.6)是抑郁发生的危险因素(P<0.05),参加体育运动可以显著降低抑郁发生的风险(P<0.05);年龄≥21岁(χ^(2)=4.518)、兄弟姐妹多(χ^(2)=11.96)、与家人通话时间少(χ^(2)=3.882)是焦虑发生的危险因素。抑郁和焦虑具有显著相关性(OR=5.035,95%CI:[3.236,7.737],P<0.001)。多因素分析显示,医学专业(OR=2.02,95%CI:[1.37,2.98])、来自城市(OR=1.48,95%CI:[1.03,2.13])是大学生发生抑郁的危险因素(P<0.05),高年级(大三OR=0.44,95%CI:[0.30,0.64],大四OR=0.22,95%CI:[0.06,0.78])和参加体育运动(OR=0.63,95%CI:[0.41,0.97])可以减少大学生抑郁的发生(P<0.05);兄弟姐妹数多是大学生发生焦虑的危险因素(2个OR=2.35,95%CI:[1.27,4.36];≥3个OR=3.24,95%CI:[1.70,6.17]),而与家人通话时间较长(≥30 min)可以减少焦虑的发生(OR=0.63,95%CI:[0.43,0.93],P<0.05)。年龄相对较大(≥21岁)是大学生抑郁和焦虑的共同危险因素(抑郁OR=1.98,95%CI:[1.44,2.73];焦虑OR=1.50,95%CI:[1.03,2.18])。网络相关行为(网络游戏和网上追剧)时间长也会增大大学生抑郁和焦虑的概率(P<0.05)。结结论兰州市大学生抑郁和焦虑状况较严重,需要重视并给予干预。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms and related factors in college students.Methods From March 2023 to July 2023,a cross-sectional random sampling study on psychological health issues was conducted among 625 college students from four universities in Gansu Province,China,using the Depression Self-Rating Scale and the Anxiety Self-Rating Scale.Chi-square tests,univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the factors associated with depression and anxiety.Results The detection rates of depression and anxiety among university students were 48.3%and 22.9%,respectively.In single-factor analysis,factors associated with depression included age≥21 years(χ^(2)=17.74),majoring in medicine(χ^(2)=19.93),lower academic year(χ^(2)=24.5)and urban residence(χ^(2)=8.6)(P<0.05).Participation in sports significantly reduced the risk of depression(P<0.05).Factors associated with anxiety included age≥21 years(χ^(2)=4.518),having more siblings(χ^(2)=11.96),and less time spent on communication with family members(χ^(2)=3.882).Depression and anxiety also showed a significant correlation(OR=5.035,95%CI:[3.236,7.737],P<0.001).Multivariate analysis revealed that majoring medicine(OR=2.02,95%CI:[1.37,2.98])and urban residence(OR=1.48,95%CI:[1.03,2.13])were risk factors for depression among university students(P<0.05).Higher academic year(junior year OR=0.44,95%CI:[0.30,0.64];senior year OR=0.22,95%CI:[0.06,0.78])and participating in sports(OR=0.63,95%CI:[0.41,0.97])were associated with reduced risk of depression(P<0.05).Having multiple siblings was a risk factor for anxiety(2 siblings OR=2.35,95%CI:[1.27,4.36];≥3 siblings OR=3.24,95%CI:[1.70,6.17]),while longer conversations with family members(≥30 minutes)reduced the risk of anxiety(OR=0.63,95%CI:[0.43,0.93],P<0.05).Older age(≥21 years)was a common risk factor for both depression(OR=1.98,95%CI:[1.44,2.73])and anxiety(OR=1.50,95%CI:[1.03,2.18]).Prolonged engagement in internet-related activities(e.g.,online gaming,watching series online)also increased the probability of depression and anxiety(P<0.05).Conclusion The situation of depression and anxiety among college students in Lanzhou is quite serious.It is necessary to pay immediate attention to issues concerning the mental health of all college students.