基于电解-氯化法的废电路板中金回收试验

Gold recovery test of waste circuit board based on electrolysis-chlorination method

随着科技的进步,电子设备的更新换代速度加快,电子废弃物产生量与日俱增。电子废弃物中含有各种贵金属,具有巨大的回收价值。目前常用的提取方法是湿法冶金技术,其不仅程序复杂,且需使用酸、碱等有毒有害物质,故亟需开发一种环境友好且操作简单的回收技术。本文提出了一种将电解法和氯化法相结合,在单个反应器中,无需使用任何酸或碱,且其电解质成分只有NaCl的一步回收金的方法,并建立了阳极浸金、阴极还原金的电解氯化反应体系。以废电路板为研究对象,开展了金回收试验,结果表明:当NaCl浓度为3.8 mol/L、固液比为5 g/L、电流为600 A、温度为40℃、浸出时间为4 h时,金的浸出率为93.62%,金的回收率为66.74%。研究成果可为废弃电子设备中的贵金属高效安全回收提供借鉴。

With the advancement of technology,the replacement speed of electronic devices is accelerating,and the amount of electronic waste generated is increasing day by day.Electronic waste contains the variety of precious metals,which have enormous recycling value.At present,the commonly used extraction method is hydrometallurgical technology,which not only has complicated procedures,but also requires the use of toxic and harmful substances such as acids and alkalis.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop an environmentally friendly and simple operation of recycling technology.In this paper,a method of electrolysis and chlorination was proposed.In a single reactor,there was no need to use any acid or base,and the electrolyte composition was only one step gold recovery method of NaCl,and anodized gold and cathode-reduced gold electrolysis chlorination reaction system was also established.A gold recycling experiment was conducted using discarded circuit boards as the research object.The results showed that when the NaCl concentration was 3.8 mol/L,the solid-liquid ratio was 5 g/L,the current was 600 A,the temperature was 40℃,and the leaching time was 4 h,the leaching rate of gold was 93.62%,and the recovery rate of gold was 66.74%.The research results can provide reference for the efficient and safe recycling of precious metals in discarded electronic devices.