煤矸石资源化利用研究现状与展望

Current status and prospects of research on the resource utilization of coal gangue

煤矸石是我国排放量最大的工业固体废弃物之一,其长期大量堆积对自然环境造成了严重危害。过去很长一段时间,我国对煤矸石的处理简单低效,未能充分利用其中丰富的有价组分。“十四五”以来,我国大力推进高质量发展和生态文明建设,对煤矸石处理提出了更高要求,处理方式逐渐向绿色高值化方向发展。本文从煤矸石的物化性质和污染风险出发,系统论述了以煤矸石发电,用作建筑材料,提取化工产品、矿物产品和战略金属资源,制备陶瓷和多孔材料等产生经济效益的利用方式,以及用煤矸石处理污染废水、改良荒地土壤等产生环保效益的利用方式,分析了当前煤矸石综合利用的发展趋势和存在的问题,以期为我国煤矸石及其他固体废弃物综合利用研究提供借鉴。

Coal gangue is one of the industrial solid wastes with the largest discharge in China,and its long-term accumulation has caused serious harm to the natural environment.For a long time in the past,the treatment of coal gangue in China was simple and inefficient,and the rich components in coal gangue could not be fully utilized.Since the 14th Five-Year Plan,China has vigorously promoted high-quality development and ecological civilization construction,put forward higher requirements for coal gangue treatment,and gradually developed the treatment mode towards green and high-value processing methods.Starting from the physical and chemical properties and pollution risks of coal gangue,this article systematically discusses the economic benefits of using coal gangue for power generation,as a building material,extracting chemical products,mineral products,and strategic metal resources,preparing ceramics and porous materials,as well as the environmental benefits of using coal gangue to treat polluted wastewater,improve wasteland soil,etc.It analyzes the current development trend and existing problems of comprehensive utilization of coal gangue,in order to provide reference for the research on comprehensive utilization of coal gangue and other solid waste.