宁夏沙坡头国家级自然保护区土壤特征及其分析

Soil Feature and Its Spatial Heterogeneity of Ningxia Shapotou National Nature Reserve

【目的】本研究旨在探究宁夏沙坡头国家级自然保护区土壤的理化特性及空间异质性,以期为干旱半干旱地区的生态恢复提供科学依据。【方法】选取宁夏沙坡头国家级自然保护区内的19个土属,对土壤样本进行了详细的理化特性分析,包括土壤有机质、碳酸钙、全氮、全磷、全钾和pH等指标。同时,采用统计学方法评估了各指标的空间异质性,特别是在不同土层深度的变化。【结果】研究发现,宁夏沙坡头国家级自然保护区绝大部分地段的土壤类型为砂土、壤砂土和砂壤土,这些土壤的有机质和养分含量普遍较低,呈现出土壤肥力贫瘠的状态。具体而言,有机质的空间异质性在所有指标中最为显著,且随着土层深度的增加,有机质的空间异质性逐渐增大。土壤碳酸钙的空间异质性也相对较大,特别是在20 cm土层处,其空间异质性最为显著。相比之下,全钾的空间异质性最小。这些空间异质性的结果在一定程度上反映了该保护区生态恢复的正效果。【结论】宁夏沙坡头国家级自然保护区的土壤以砂土、壤砂土和砂壤土为主,土壤肥力贫瘠。然而,土壤有机质、碳酸钙等指标的空间异质性较大,表明在生态恢复过程中,土壤性质正在发生积极变化。这些变化为该地区的生态恢复提供了有利条件,同时也提示我们在未来的工作中需要更加注重对土壤性质的监测和管理,以促进生态恢复的持续进行。

【Objective】This study aims to provide scientific evidence for ecological restoration in arid and semi-arid regions by deeply exploring the physicochemical properties and spatial heterogeneity of soil in Ningxia Shapotou National Nature Reserve.【Method】A total of 19 soil genera within Ningxia Shapotou National Nature Reserve were selected for detailed physicochemical analysis,including soil organic matter,calcium carbonate,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,and pH.Statistical methods were employed to assess the spatial heterogeneity of each indicator,particularly its variation at different soil depths.【Result】The study found that the majority of the soil in Ningxia Shapotou National Nature Reserve was sandy soil,sandy loam,and loamy sand,which generally had low organic matter and nutrient content,indicating poor soil fertility.Specifically,the spatial heterogeneity of organic matter was the most significant among all indicators,and it gradually increased with increasing soil depth.The spatial heterogeneity of soil calcium carbonate was also relatively large,with the maximum spatial heterogeneity observed at a soil depth of 20 cm.In contrast,the spatial heterogeneity of total potassium was the smallest.These results reflected the positive effects of ecological restoration in this protected area.【Conclusion】The soil in Ningxia Shapotou National Nature Reserve is dominated by sandy soil,sandy loam,and loamy sand,with poor soil fertility.However,the significant spatial heterogeneity of soil organic matter and calcium carbonate indicates positive changes in soil properties during ecological restoration.These changes provide favorable conditions for ecological restoration in this area and highlight the importance of continuous monitoring and management of soil properties to promote sustainable ecological restoration efforts.