我国耕地质量主控因素及提升策略

Dominant factors driving the farmland quality in China and strategies for improvement

我国耕地质量总体偏低,严重威胁国家粮食安全和生态环境安全。目前我国耕地质量的主控因素尚缺乏系统研究,不同类型障碍耕地的质量提升技术策略也不明晰。因此,本文在全面阐述我国耕地质量现状的同时,重点调研揭示了东北黑土地、北方旱地、南方水田、南方旱地、设施农地和盐碱耕地6类典型耕地的突出问题,深入分析了耕地质量问题的主控因素和耕地质量下降的驱动机制。以耕地保护与合理利用为核心,从耕地监测、改良、培肥、利用4个方面,提出维持和提升耕地质量的核心策略,明确耕地科技创新的主要方向。阐明农田工程、保护性耕作、科学施肥、水资源高效利用、耐逆适生作物品种选育等关键耕地质量提升技术途径的适用性。旨在梳理全面综合提升耕地质量的科技需求,为耕地保护相关政策的制定提供重要参考,支撑耕地的农业生产和生态服务功能提升,实现藏粮于地、藏粮于技和农业绿色可持续发展的战略目标。

The overall quality of arable land in China is relatively low,posing a serious threat to national food security and ecological environmental safety.There is currently insufficient systematic research on the dominant factors driving the decline in farmland quality and the technical strategies for improving the quality of different types of degraded farmland across various regions.Therefore,while comprehensively elucidating the current status of farmland quality in China,this paper focuses on investigating and revealing the prominent issues and driving factors underlying the decline in cultivated land quality across six typical types:northeast black soil farmlands,northern drylands,southern paddy fields,southern drylands,greenhouse farmlands,and saline-alkali farmlands.Furthermore,it delves into the critical mechanisms leading to the decline in farmland quality.Centered on farmland protection and rational utilization,this paper proposes core strategies for maintaining and improving farmland quality from four aspects:farmland monitoring,soil amelioration,soil fertility enhancement,and farmland utilization.It also clarifies the main directions for scientific and technological innovation in arable land by identifying primary areas of focus.The applicability of key techniques for improving farmland quality,such as farmland engineering,conservation tillage,scientific fertilization,efficient water resource utilization,and the breeding of stress-tolerant and adaptable crop varieties,is elucidated.This study aims to identify the scientific and technological needs for comprehensively improving farmland quality and to provide vital references for formulating policies related to farmland protection.These efforts will support the agricultural production and ecological service functions of farmland,helping to achieve the strategic goals of ensuring food security through land and technology,as well as promoting green and sustainable agricultural development.