目的国数字经济发展是否促进了出口企业数字化转型?

Does Development of Digital Economy in the Destination Country Promote Digital Transformation of Export Enterprises?

以2007—2016年参与出口的上市公司为研究对象,利用上市公司年报数据中与数字化相关的词频来测度企业的数字化转型进程,采用世界经济论坛发布的网络就绪指数(NRI)来衡量目的地国家数字经济发展水平,探讨目的地国家数字经济发展对出口企业数字化转型的影响效应与作用机制。研究发现:(1)目的地国家数字经济的发展会显著促进出口企业的数字化转型,这一结果在经过了多项稳健性和内生性检验后依然成立;(2)目的地国家数字经济发展对出口企业数字化转型的促进作用在效率更高的民营企业、技术含量更高且与目的国交流更深入的资本密集型企业、贸易条件和经济基础更好的东部地区企业以及自身数字化水平较高的企业中更显著;(3)目的地国家数字经济发展水平主要是通过目的国消费者、企业和社会环境的知识溢出效应对出口企业的数字化转型产生影响,且出口企业的知识吸收能力会对该影响产生正向的调节作用。

This paper takes the listed companies participating in exports from 2007 to 2016 as the main research object,uses the word frequency related to digitization in the annual reports of these companies to measure the process of digital transformation of enterprises,and adopts the Network Readiness Index(NRI) released by the World Economic Forum to measure the development level of digital economy in the destination countries of these companies,aiming to discuss the effect and mechanism of the development of digital economy in destination countries on the digital transformation of export enterprises.The results show that:(1) The development of digital economy in the destination country significantly promotes the digital transformation of export enterprises,and this result is still valid after a number of robustness and endogeneity tests.(2) The promotion effect of the development of digital economy in the destination country on digital transformation of export enterprises is more significant in private enterprises with higher efficiency,capital-intensive enterprises with higher technology content and more in-depth exchanges with the destination country,enterprises in the eastern region with better terms of trade and economic foundation,and enterprises with higher digitization level.(3) The development level of digital economy in the destination country mainly affects the digital transformation of export enterprises through the mechanism of knowledge spillover,and the knowledge absorption capacity of export enterprises will have a positive moderating effect on this impact.