昆明市高速公路交通伤现状分析

Traffic injuries on expressways in Kunming:current status

目的对2016年1月—2021年12月进出昆明市的5条高速公路所发生交通事故的现状进行分析,为有效干预及预防高速公路交通伤发生提供依据。方法分析云南省高速公路交巡警支队提供的2016—2021年昆曲、昆玉、昆楚、昆石、昆武5条高速公路全年发生的交通事故伤亡数据,对其流行病学特点进行调查分析,用构成比或率来描述流行病学及死亡病因等因素,组间比较采用卡方检验。结果2016—2021年昆明市高速公路道路交通事故共发生75166起,造成8865人受伤,481人死亡。近年来昆明市高速公路交通伤死亡人数呈逐年下降的趋势(χ^(2)=10.866,P<0.001)。造成事故主要死亡原因前三位为行人违法(21.20%)、疲劳驾驶(16.21%)及超速行驶(12.88%),高发月份为5月(11.23%);主要集中时段在夜间(20时~次日8时),占全部事故的55.51%,其中22时~24时最多,占全部事故的10.40%;8时~10时死亡人数最少。结论昆明市高速公路交通事故造成死亡人数呈现逐年下降趋势,行人违法、疲劳驾驶及超速是造成事故死亡的主要原因,5月为事故高发月份,每天的夜间22时~24时为高峰期。

Objective To analyze the current status of traffic injuries on five expressways in Kunming City from 2016 to 2021 to provide a basis for effective intervention and prevention of traffic injuries on expressways.Methods The casualty data by traffic accidents on five expressways of Kunqu,Kunyu,Kunchu,Kunshi,Kunwu from Jan.2016 to Dec.2021 were provided by the Expressway Traffic and Patrol Police Detachment,Yunnan.The epidemiological characteristics and deaths were analyzed and expressed as composition ratio or rate.The Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups.Results In the six years from 2016 to 2021,a total of 75,166 traffic accidents occurred on the five expressways in Kunming,causing 8,865 injuries and 481 deaths.During the study period,the number of injuries and deaths showed a decreasing trend(χ^(2)=10.866,P<0.001).The leading causes of death were pedestrian violation of traffic regulations(21.20%),fatigue driving(16.21%)and speeding(12.88%).The peak incidence of accidents was found in May(11.23%).Most accidents occurred at 20:00-8:00 the next day,accounting for 55.51%of all accidents,with the period 22:00-24:00 ranking as the most dangerous,which contributed to 10.40%of accidents,while 8:00-10:00 was the safest.Conclusion The deaths related to traffic injuries on Kunming expressways present a decreasing trend,with the main causes being pedestrian law-breaking,fatigue driving and speeding.Most expressway accidents occur at 22:00-24:00,and May shows the highest incidence of casualties.