新疆巴里坤湖流域平原区地下水水化学特征及健康风险评价

Hydrochemical characteristics and health risk assessment ofgroundwater in Barkol Lake Basin Plain, Xinjiang

【目的】了解巴里坤湖流域平原区地下水水化学特征及地下水污染指标对人体健康造成的危害。【方法】依据2022年8月地下水水质资料,采用离子比值法和饱和指数法对地下水控制因素进行分析,并综合运用熵权水质指数法和健康风险评估模型进行地下水水质及人体健康评价。【结果】研究区地下水整体属于低矿化度、硬度中等的弱碱性水,水化学类型以HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na型为主;地下水水化学特征主要受岩石风化作用和阳离子交换作用的影响;巴里坤湖流域平原区75.0%的地下水可以直接饮用,8.3%的地下水为中等质量,16.7%的地下水不适合直接饮用;超标离子的非致癌健康风险指数均小于1,为人体可接受的风险水平,Na^(+)的非致癌健康风险指数最高,且儿童的潜在非致癌风险高于成人。【结论】研究区地下水水质状况良好,但博尔羌吉镇以北区域存在一定的潜在风险。地下水是工农业用水的重要来源之一,通过对地下水水化学特征及健康风险进行分析,为饮用水安全、预防地方性疾病、生态环境保护、农业灌溉和工业用水选择等方面提供科学依据和支撑。

【Objective】The Barkol Lake Basin is located in the east of Xinjiang of China,and groundwater plays a pivotal role in supporting agriculture,livestock and other sectors in the region.This study aims to analyze the chemical characteristics and health risks associated with groundwater in the plain areas in the basin.【Method】The analysis utilized groundwater quality data collected in August 2022.Factors influencing groundwater chemistry were evaluated using ion ratio and saturation index methods.Groundwater quality and the associated health risks were assessed with the entropy weight water quality index method and a health risk assessment model.【Result】The groundwater in the study area is weakly alkaline,with low salinity and moderate hardness.Its hydrochemical profile is primarily of the HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na type.The chemical properties are predominantly influenced by rock weathering and cation exchange.In the region,75.0%of the groundwater is deemed drinkable without treatment,8.3%is of moderate quality,and 16.7%is undrinkable without further treatment.The non-carcinogenic health risk index for Na^(+)is the highest,with children facing a greater potential non-carcinogenic risk compared to adults.【Conclusion】Overall,groundwater quality in the area is satisfactory,though there are potential risks in the northern part of Bolqiangji Town.This analysis provides a baseline for ensuring the safe use of groundwater in the region.