单于“北望”与“南望”:拂云堆位置及文化考

Chanyu's "Northward Gaze" and "Southward Gaze": A Study of the Location and Culture of Fuyun Dui

拂云是张仁愿修筑受降城之地,为唐代北方抵御突厥南侵的重要战线,在诗歌中屡有出现。然而,拂云堆的地理位置,在王之涣《凉州词》其二及李益《拂云堆》中单于所望方向正好相反。依据二诗诗意及创作背景,可考王之涣《凉州词》其二“单于北望”用后突厥毗伽可汗请求赐婚史实,李益《拂云堆》“单于南望”以拂云堆建中受降城防范南侵的史实,所望方位虽有不同,在描写方式及内容情感上存在相通性,体现出唐人安定边塞的殷切愿望。

Fuyun Dui,built by ZHANG Ren-yuan as the site of Shouxiang City,was a crucial defense line against the southern invasion of the Turks in the Tang Dynasty and is frequently mentioned in poetry.However,the geographical location of Fuyun Dui appears contradictory in WANG Zhihuan's"Liangzhou Ci"(Part Two)and Li Yi's"Fuyun Dui,"with the Chanyu gazing in opposite directions.By examining the poetic's meaning and the historical context of the two poems,it can be inferred that WANG Zhihuan's"Liangzhou Ci"(Part Two)refers to the historical event of Bilge Qaghan of the Later Turkic Khaganate requesting marriage,which corresponds to the"northward gaze"of the Chanyu.In contrast,Li Yi's"Fuyun Dui"reflects the historical reality of Fuyun Dui being built to defend against southern invasions,hence the"southward gaze"of the Chanyu.Although the directions differ,the poetic descriptions and emotional content share similarities,embodying the Tang people’s earnest desire for border stability.