数字化情境下如何激活企业创新韧性——稳定性与灵活性二元视角

How to Activate Enterprise Innovation Resilience in the Digital Context:A Binary Perspective on Stability and Flexibility

数字化转型作为促进制造企业高质量发展的重要途径,能够有效辅助企业获取知识、信息,进而丰富研发资源。同时,数字化转型可以推动企业利用数字技术加速产品创新、服务创新和流程创新,基于数字平台优化企业商业模式。实践中,对技术创新具有较强依赖性的科创企业会频繁遭受不确定性事件的冲击。因此,如何应对数字化情境下涌现的“数字化悖论”,实现有韧性的可持续创新,成为企业亟待解决的现实问题。根据危机管理三阶段模型,结合动态能力、创新管理以及组织管理相关理论搭建分析框架,对企业创新韧性构成要素进行检验。结果发现:企业创新韧性是多因素共同作用的结果。数字化情境中,管理者需要对常规性活动和创造性活动进行统筹,在知识、能力等要素开发与探索间寻求平衡;在注重创新的稳定性时,培育数字化协同能力并开展分布式创新;在注重创新的灵活性时,培育数字化感知能力并开展颠覆式创新。由此,根据不同战略定位与实践需求,企业应设计合理的管理与决策模式以激活创新韧性。

It is enterprises'capacity to withstand external shocks that either facilitate enterprises to recognize opportunities in rapidly changing business environments or result in regrettable exits amidst the digital wave.With the increasing occurrence of disruptive events,enterprises often encounter significant uncertainty and variability in innovation,making resilience and anti-fragility core elements for enterprise innovation.Resiliently managed enterprises can leverage advanced technologies and construct alliance networks to address multiple uncertainties arising from products,services,and external environments.Although digitalization facilitates enterprises in product creation processes,service re-engineering,and operational environments,the turbulence in the digital business environment exceeds managerial expectations.Conventional static hierarchical structures and response capabilities show insufficient adaptability to the environment,leading to unexpected turbulence,rigidity,and vulnerability to enterprise innovation.In practice,especially for technology-dependent scientific and technological enterprises,frequent unexpected uncertainties pose great challenges.Hence,exploring innovation resilience in the digital context is essential for enterprises to effectively manage uncertainty in the innovation process.Existing research primarily focuses on the perspectives of equilibrium and evolution,emphasizing maintainability and recover ability,but lacks a systematic consideration of innovation resilience as a holistic and dynamic evolutionary process;moreover,there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the impact mechanism of enterprise innovation resilience throughout specific contexts.In practice,enterprises tend to enhance risk resilience and construct self-adjustment mechanisms to deal with disruptive events and offset the influence of complex and dynamic environments,which can be comprehensively understood using systems thinking tools.Unlike the conventional empirical methods that focus on net effects between independent variables and outcomes,QCA,based on set theory,Boolean algebra and counterfactual analysis,emphasizes interpreting the complex nature of interactions among factors.To better understand how to promote enterprise innovation resilience,this study employs fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA).As a mixed quantitative-qualitative analysis approach,the fsQCA can handle complex multi-factor relationships and focus on the relationships and complementarities among multiple factors.This study constructs a multifaceted model of antecedents for digital innovation resilience from the perspectives of organizational structure,dynamic capabilities,and innovation mechanisms based on the three-stage model of crisis management.Since scientific and technological enterprises exhibit stronger innovation dependency,higher costs and benefits,and need to endure greater innovation risks compared to general enterprises,they are taken as the research subjects,and 212 valid questionnaires are collected.Then the fsQCA method is applied to explore various equivalent configurations of antecedents for achieving innovation resilience,with a focus on the characteristics and capabilities that organizations need to cope with innovation risks and uncertainties.The findings reveal that enterprise innovation resilience is a result of multiple factors interacting with each other.Flexible configurations imply that enterprises should select appropriate setups based on different practical scenarios and strategic planning,allocating resources reasonably.The enterprises with mere focus on standardization,regularization,and proceduralization may find it challenging to withstand such disruptive trends when operational environments change or new business models emerge in the industry.Conversely,pursuing radical innovation of business models in a stable operational state with significant competitive advantages may lead to an"innovation trap".With the emphasis on innovation stability,it is crucial to cultivate digital collaboration capabilities and engage in distributed innovation,,and it requires to prioritize the development of digital perception capabilities and conduction of disruptive innovation in achieving innovation flexibility.Therefore,enterprises need to design rational management and decision-making models based on different strategic positioning and practical needs to activate innovation resilience,and make effective response to feedback from risks to improve efficiency.Top management in the digital context needs to balance routine and innovation,rather than pursuing stability or flexibility alone.Managers should continuously adjust strategies based on different application scenarios to enhance the ability to deal with risks and uncertainties.On the whole,this study analyzes the multiple pathways for activating enterprise innovation resilience in the digital context,providing theoretical guidance and practical insights for enterprises on how to quickly perceive market changes and provide flexible feedback to resist uncertainties and risks in the digital context.