环境侵权禁止令的理论阐释与程序建构

Theoretical Explanation and Procedural Construction of Environmental Tort Injunction

法院以行为保全的形式发布环境侵权禁止令的做法得到了司法解释的肯认,却难以真正实现禁止令的功能目标。明确禁止令程序属性的理论前提是厘清环境权的运行逻辑。禁止令的实践困境在一定程度上反映出其制度效能不高,原因在于行为保全与禁止令的混淆忽略了二者的本质区别,不能满足生态环境预防性保护的现实需求。环境侵权禁止令的程序路径是略式程序,遵循环境权预防性保护的底层逻辑,省略法官实质审理的环节,迅速作出执行名义,最终目的在于实现紧急情况下生态环境的预防性保护。环境侵权行为大多损害社会公共利益,禁止令程序规则的建构应符合公共利益保护的要求,同时赋予被申请人最低限度的程序保障。

The court's practice of issuing an injunction against environmental infringement in the form of behavioral preservation has been recognized by judicial interpretations,but it is difficult to truly achieve the functional goal of the injunction.The theoretical premise of clarifying the procedural attributes of injunction is to clarify the operational logic of environmental rights.The practical difficulties of the injunction to a certain extent reflects its system effectiveness is not high,the reason is that the behavior of the preservation and injunction of the confusion ignores the essential difference between the two,can not meet the ecological environment to preventive protection of the reality of the demand.The procedural path of environmental infringement restraining order is a slight procedure,following the underlying logic of preventive protection of environmental rights,omitting the substantive hearing of the judge's link,and quickly make the implementation of the name,the ultimate goal is to realize the preventive protection of ecological environment in emergency situations.Most of the environmental infringement behaviors harm the social public interest,the construction of the procedural rules of the injunction should be consistent with the requirements of the protection of public interest,and at the same time,give the respondent the minimum procedural safeguards.