违法建筑上合法权益的行政赔偿研究

Research on Administrative Compensation for Legal Rights and Interests in Illegal Buildings

违法建筑不为我国法律所认可,但其在强制拆除过程中存在部分符合我国法律规定的合法权益。违法强拆侵害行政相对人合法权益应予行政赔偿,赔偿范围包括可回收利用建筑材料、建筑材料的损失扩大、室内物品及行政相对人信赖利益损失。违法强拆侵害合法权益应予行政赔偿具有法理支撑,具体可从行政赔偿功能、以人为本的执法理念、行政赔偿归责原则及职务侵权行为的应责性四个方面证成。违法建筑认定绝对化、贵重物品举证难、赔偿惩戒性不足及赔偿执行难度大成为违法强拆行政赔偿的实践难题。为充分保障行政相对人合法权益,可从综合考虑认定违法建筑、做好拆除证据收集、增强赔偿惩戒性及对赔偿义务机关依法强制执行等方面探索完善行政赔偿的路径。

Illegal construction is not recognized by our country’s laws,but its legal rights in the process of compulsory demolition are partly in line with China’s legal provisions.Administrative compensation should be provided for infringements on legitimate rights and interests caused by illegal forced demolitions,which covers recyclable building materials,expanded loss of building materials,indoor goods,and the loss of reliance interests of the affected party.The provision of administrative compensation for illegal forced demolitions is supported by the rule of law,which can be substantiated by four aspects:the function of administrative compensation,a people-oriented law enforcement concept,the principle of administrative compensation liability,and the responsibility for duty-related infringements.Challenges in administrative compensation for illegal forced demolitions include the absolute identification of illegal buildings,difficulty in proving valuable items,insufficient punitive damages,and difficulty in enforcing compensation.To fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of affected parties,improvements can be explored in areas such as the identification of illegal buildings,evidence collection for demolition,enhancement of punitive damages,and lawful enforcement of compensation obligations.