相似还是互补?时间个性异质性对创业团队决策绩效的影响

Similar or Complementary?The Influence of Time Personality Heterogeneity on Entrepreneurial Team Decision-making Performance

基于IPO理论框架构建研究模型,揭示时间个性异质性对创业团队决策绩效的影响及时间压力的调节作用,基于创业模拟实验设计进行实验研究,对提出的模型和假设进行检验。研究发现:时间个性异质性对团队决策绩效存在显著正向影响,团队时间心智模型在其中发挥中介作用;时间压力调节时间个性异质性和团队时间心智模型之间的作用关系,但对团队决策绩效的调节作用不显著。研究结论能够完善现有文献对团队异质性研究的不足,为理论分歧提供新的学理解释,并为创业团队提高决策绩效提供实践启示。

Normally,investors would pay attention to both the projects themselves and the composition of the entrepreneurial teams.This is because the success of a business depends primarily on the composition of its entrepreneurial team members.Previous studies have found that teams composed of members with complementary academic backgrounds and diverse knowledge are beneficial.Some studies have also shown that teams composed of individuals with rich work experience and entrepreneurial expertise are more likely to successfully launch a business.These studies seem to indicate that entrepreneurial teams with high heterogeneity exhibit better team decision-making performance and are more likely to achieve success.Researchers have explained this phenomenon by stating that team members engage in constructive debate and carefully analyze the advantages and disadvantages of decision-making to make better decisions.However,some scholars are opposed to the above views.Different scholars have different opinions on the influence mechanisms of entrepreneurial team heterogeneity on team decision-making performance.Research based on information decision theory shows that the higher the heterogeneity of the entrepreneurial team,the easier team members can master more comprehensive knowledge and information,which can improve their ability to understand problems and thus play a positive role in promoting the decision-making of the entrepreneurial team.Studies based on social categorization theory show that individuals tend to identify with groups to which they have a sense of belonging and reject other groups.The study argues that team heterogeneity may have opposing components,and the main reason for the opposing research views is that the effects of these individual components have not been separated.It is only by delving into the team heterogeneity and subdividing the different components of the team heterogeneity according to the dimensions that it is possible to reveal the function effect and influence mechanism of the team heterogeneity affecting the decision-making performance of the entrepreneurial team.Entrepreneurial team members work together for a relatively short time and do not understand each other.Therefore,compared with traditional teams,the influence of time personality heterogeneity on the entrepreneurial team is more obvious.First,time personality heterogeneity is a hidden feature.At the early stage,it is hard for startup members to understand each other's time and personality.Once they start to work together,they will find that there are significant differences in pace and time identity between members with high time urgency and members with low time urgency.In the face of highly uncertain prospects and an external environment,this difference often becomes a trigger for contradictions.Second,entrepreneurial teams often face milestone constraints.Decisions in entrepreneurial teams are often made under high time pressure.Time pressure exacerbates the impact of time personality heterogeneity on entrepreneurial teams.In order to reveal the influence mechanism of time personality heterogeneity on entrepreneurial team decision-making performance and the moderating effect of time pressure,this study designs a laboratory experiment based on an entrepreneurial simulation experiment and reveals its influence mechanism with the temporal team mental model as a mediating variable.As a result,it can improve the shortcomings of existing research and provide a new explanation for theoretical differences.The following results are obtained.In entrepreneurial teams,time personality heterogeneity has a significant positive effect on team decision-making performance.Temporal team mental model plays a mediating role between time personality heterogeneity and team decision-making performance,but not all dimensions are significant.Time pressure can moderate the relationship between time personality heterogeneity and temporal team mental model,but the moderating effect on team decision-making performance is not significant.The findings indicate that the higher the heterogeneity of time personality,the more conducive it is to achieving better team decision-making performance.Thus,in practice,leaders should actively encourage team members to communicate and share with each other,reduce conflicts,and enable their cognition at the time level to form a dynamic balance to achieve high decision-making performance;meanwhile,time pressure should be matched with the team's time mental model,so that the latter can be endowed with the dynamic adjustment ability and team members would form strong shared cognition of time to effectively cope with high time pressure or unexpected situations and achieve high decision-making efficiency.