基于知信行的健康教育在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中的应用效果

Application effects of health education based on knowledge,attitude,belief and practice in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

目的:观察基于知信行的健康教育在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2022年1—6月该院收治的82例COPD患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组各41例。对照组实施常规健康宣教,观察组在对照组基础上实施基于知信行的健康教育。比较两组干预前后疲劳状况[疲劳量表(FS-14)]评分、自我效能[一般自我效能感量表(GSES)]评分、生命质量[圣·乔治医院呼吸问题调查问卷(SGRQ)]评分,以及COPD急性发作率。结果:干预后,两组脑力疲劳、体力疲劳等各项FS-14评分均低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组GSES评分均低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组临床症状、活动能力、疾病影响等各项SGRQ评分均低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组COPD急性发作率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于知信行的健康教育在应用于COPD患者,可减轻其疲劳程度,提高自我效能和生命质量,降低COPD急性发作率,效果优于常规健康宣教。

Objective:To observe application effects of health education based on knowledge,attitude,belief and practice in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 82 patients with COPD admitted to the hospital from January to June 2022.According to the random number table method,they were divided into control group and observation group,41 cases in each group.The control group was given routine health education,while the observation group was given the health education based on knowledge,attitude,belief and practice on the basis of that of the control group.The fatigue status[fatigue scale(FS-14)]score,the self-efficacy[general selfefficacy scale(GSES)]score,the quality of life[St.George’s hospital respiratory questionnaire(SGRQ)]score before and after the intervention,and the acute exacerbation rate of COPD were compared between the two groups.Results:After the intervention,the FS-14 scores of mental fatigue,physical fatigue and other items in the two groups were lower than those before the intervention,those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After the intervention,the GSES scores of the two groups were lower than those before the intervention,that in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After the intervention,the SGRQ scores of clinical symptoms,activity ability and disease influence in the two groups were lower than those before the intervention,those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Further,the COPD acute attack rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:The health education based on knowledge,attitude,belief and practice in the patients with COPD can reduce their fatigue,improve their selfefficacy and quality of life,and reduce the acute exacerbation rate of COPD.Moreover,it is superior to the reoutine health education.