怒江峡谷干栏民居的恒常与变异

Constancy and Variation of Pile Dwelling in Nujiang Canyon

文章基于拉卜普特提出的“恒常与变异”观点,探索一种理解和研究风土民居的框架。通过对滇西北怒江峡谷地区干栏民居的共有特性与区域差异性进行分析,总结出不因峡谷内民族与地区差异而变化的恒常性,以及怒江中游、怒江上游及独龙江流域3个区域民居的变异性。研究认为,怒江峡谷民居中的恒常性体现出怒江少数民族固有的价值认知、生活方式、仪式与文化,识别并尊重这种恒常性,即在变化中寻找不变,在多样性中寻找共性,有助于深入理解建筑与环境、文化、社会之间的复杂关系,为风土遗产的留存提供重要依据,从而为未来的建筑设计和遗产保护提供宝贵的理论指导。

Based on the viewpoint of“constancy and variation”put forward by Amos Rapoport,this paper explores a kind of framework for understanding and researching vernacular dwelling.Though analysis of the common characteristics and regional difference to the pile dwelling at Nujiang Canyon in Northwest Yunnan,it summarizes the constancy that does not change because of nationality and region difference in the canyon region,and it also summarizes the variability of residential houses at the middle reaches of Nujiang River,the upstream of Nujiang River and the Dulong River valley.It is considered through research that the constancy in the residential houses at Nujiang canyon embody the inherent value cognition,lifestyle as well as ceremony and culture of the minority nationalities near Nujiang,identifies and respects that kind of constancy,i.e.,looking for invariability in change and looking for commonalities in diversity,that is conductive to in-depth understanding of the complicated relationship among building,environment,culture and society,so as to provide important basis for the retention of local heritage,and it also provides valuable theoretical guidance for future architectural design and heritage protection.