夏热冬冷地区养老院老年人冬季室外热舒适性探究

Discussion of Winter Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Senior Citizen at Geracomium in Region of Hot Summer and Cold Winter

养老院室外空间是机构养老人群的主要室外活动场所,室外空间的热舒适性对老年人身心健康具有重要影响。为营造健康、舒适的室外热环境,文章以上海Q养老院为例,通过对养老院室外热环境实测和老年人室外热舒适问卷调查,分析老年人室外热舒适与热感觉关系,研究热环境因素对老年人冬季室外热舒适的影响,从热中性生理等效温度、热中性生理等效温度范围、满足90%热可接受率的生理等效温度范围和热偏好生理等效温度等4个方面,确定老年人冬季热舒适性评价基准;最后基于研究结果,从自然环境和建筑环境两方面提出养老院冬季室外热环境优化设计建议,为夏热冬冷地区养老院室外热环境改善提供参考。

Outdoor space of geracomium is the main outdoor activity place for institutional pension population,and the thermal comfort of outdoor space has important influence on the physical and mental health of senior citizen.In order to construct healthy and comfortable outdoor thermal environment,taking geracomium Q of Shanghai as an example,through outdoor thermal environment measurement of geracomium and questionnaire to outdoor thermal comfort of senior citizen,this paper analyzes the relationship between outdoor thermal comfort and thermal sensation of senior citizen,investigates the influence of thermal environment factor on winter outdoor thermal comfort of senior citizen,and from four aspects including thermal neutral physiological equivalent temperature,thermal neutral physiological equivalent temperature range,the physiological equivalent temperature range that meets 90%thermal acceptability rate and thermal preference physiological equivalent temperature,it defines the benchmark for evaluating the thermal comfort of senior citizen in winter;and on the basis of research result,it finally puts forward the suggestions for optimization design of winter outdoor thermal environment of geracomium from both natural environment and architectural environment,so as to provide reference for improving outdoor thermal environment of geracomium in region of hot summer and cold winter.