我国柑橘园土壤肥力现状的整合分析

Integrated analysis of soil fertility status in citrus orchards in China

为明确我国柑橘主产区土壤肥力现状,探寻影响柑橘生长的土壤养分限制因子,为柑橘养分管理提供重要参考依据,收集公开发表柑橘园土壤养分文献并对其进行整合分析,分析土壤养分含量及丰缺状况,并开展土壤综合肥力指数评价。结果表明:我国柑橘园土壤pH平均为5.53,有机质含量平均为17.6g/kg,碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量平均分别为92.3、60.1和162mg/kg,交换性钙和交换性镁含量平均分别为1294和161mg/kg,有效铁、锰、铜、锌、硼和钼含量平均分别为58.3、39.5、2.97、3.54、0.46和0.29mg/kg。56.0%的橘园土壤pH<5.5,51.2%的橘园土壤交换性钙处于缺乏及以下水平,38.5%的橘园土壤交换性镁处于中等以下水平,63.6%的橘园土壤有效硼含量处于缺乏水平,50%以上的橘园土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾和微量元素含量(有效硼除外)处于中等以上水平。我国柑橘园土壤综合肥力指数平均为0.52,鄂西一湘西柑橘优势区土壤综合肥力指数为0.56,显著高于浙一闽一粤(0.51)和赣南一湘南一桂北(0.47)柑橘优势区;赣南一湘南一桂北显著低于长江上中游(0.53)柑橘优势区,不同柑橘优势区7.14%~32.3%的柑橘园土壤综合肥力指数在中等以下水平。我国柑橘园土壤有效磷、速效钾和微量元素含量(有效硼除外)处于中等偏上水平,橘园土壤肥力潜在限制因子主要是土壤酸化,碱解氮、交换性钙和有效硼含量低。因此,在柑橘生产中,应注意添加碱性肥料或石灰改善土壤酸化,通过增施有机肥,优化氮肥、钙肥和硼肥管理,缓解土壤缺氮、缺钙以及缺硼问题。不同柑橘优势区要因地制宜,结合相应的农事管理措施,提高柑橘园土壤肥力,促进柑橘提质增效,从而实现柑橘产业可持续发展。

The aimed to elucidate the current status of soil fertility in the main citrus-producing regions of China,explore the soil limiting factors that restrict citrus growth,and provide valuable insights for citrus nutrient management.To achieve this,the published literature on soil nutrients in citrus orchards were collected to performed integrated analysis,examined soil nutrient content and abundance status,and conducted a comprehensive soil fertility evaluation.The results showed significant insights into the soil conditions of citrus orchards across China.The average soil pH,organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium,available iron,available manganese,available copper,available zinc,available boron and available molybdenum were recorded as 5.53,17.6 g/kg,92.3 mg/kg,60.1 mg/kg,162 mg/kg,1294 mg/kg,161 mg/kg,58.3 mg/kg,39.5 mg/kg,2.97 mg/kg,3.54 mg/kg,0.46 mg/kg and 0.29 mg/kg,respectively.Soil pH in 56.0%of the orchards was below 5.5.Moreover,deficiencies in exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium and available boron were observed in 51.2%,38.5%and 63.6%of orchards,respectively.In contrast,more than 50%of the orchards showed satisfactory(medium or high)levels of soil organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium,and trace elements except for available boron.The average soil integrated fertility index(IFI)of citrus orchards in China was O.52.The IFI in western Hubei-Xiangxi was 0.56,which was significantly higher than those in Zhejiang-Fujian-Guangdong(0.51)and Gannan-Xiangnan-Guibei(0.47).The IFI of the Gannan-Xiangnan-Guibei area was substantially lower than that in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River(0.53).The IFI below medium class in different main producing areas was 7.14%-32.3%.The soil available phosphorus,available potassium,and microelement concentrations(except available boron)in citrus orchards of China were at the middle or high level.The results showed low soil pH,insufficient available nitrogen,and deficiencies in exchangeable calcium and available boron were the potential limiting factors in citrus orchards.To address these challenges,focusing on soil management strategies should be pivotal.For example,alkaline fertilizers or lime application could mitigate soil acidity,while increasing organic fertilizer application and optimizing nitrogen,calcium,and boron fertilizer could address nutrient deficiencies.Hence,citrus cultivation in different regions should be adapted to local conditions and complemented with agricultural management measures.This approach may improve soil fertility in citrus orchards,promote citrus quality and efficiency,and achieve sustainable development of the citrus industry.