水稻-大球盖菇模式对土壤微生物量碳氮磷的影响

Effects of the rice-stropharia grandis rotation/cultivation on soil microbial biomass C,N and P

为探讨栽培大球盖菇及其菌种用量与基料配方对土壤养分和土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷的影响,开展了2年田间小区试验,设置了5个处理,即冬闲田对照处理CK,4个栽培大球盖菇处理:T1(3000kg·hm^(-2)菌种量+100%稻草基料)、T2(3000kg·hm^(-2)菌种量+75%稻草配25%玉米芯基料)、T3(4500kg·hm^(-2)菌种量+100%稻草基料)、T4(4500kg·hm^(-2)菌种量+75%稻草配25%玉米芯基料)。结果表明:连续2年栽培大球盖菇的耕层土壤养分和土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷(MBC、MBN、MBP)含量均逐年明显增加,且受菌种用量和基料配方的影响。在第2年,与CK处理相比,各试验处理的土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、全氮和全磷分别显著增加32.92%~42.44%、52.96%~77.35%、53.99%~75.09%、88.00%~184.62%、19.12%~38.24%、9.82%~29.46%(P<0.05),土壤微生物量碳、氮含量分别显著增加84.18%~129.28%、166.60%~260.01%(P<0.05)。2年间各试验处理较CK处理的MBC:MBN显著降低,MBC:MBP和MBN:MBP有所增加。冗余分析(RDA)显示,全氮在2021年(F=5.9,P=0.004)和2022年(F=7.4,P=0.002)分别解释了31.1%和36.3%的土壤微生物量变化,是土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷及其化学计量比的最主要影响因子;相关性分析表明,土壤微生物量碳、氮含量均与有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量呈显著正相关。栽培大球盖菇,不仅显著提高了土壤养分,还增加了土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷含量,其中以菌种量3000kg·hm^(-2)、基料75%稻草+25%玉米芯的栽培方式效果较好。研究结果可为后续推广“水稻一大球盖菇”轮作模式提供理论指导。

In order to investigate the effects of the cultivation of rice-stropharia grandis and its strain dosage and base material formula on soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass C,N and P(MBC,MBN,MBP),a 2-year field plot experiment was carried out and 5 treatments were set up,including control treatment(CK)and four experimental treatments:T1(3000 kg·hm^(-2) strain+100%rice straw base material),T2(3000 kg·hm^(-2) strain+75%rice straw with 25%corncob base material),T3(4500 kg·hm^(-2) strain+100%rice straw base material)and T4(4500 kg·hm^(-2) strain+75%rice straw with 25%corncob base material).The results showed that the content of soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass C,N and P in the cultivated layer of rice-stropharia grandis for two consecutive years increased significantly year by year,and was affected by the strain dosage and base material formula.In the second year,compared with the CK treatment,the soil organic matter,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,total nitrogen and total phosphorus of each experimental treatment increased significantly by 32.92%-42.44%,52.96%-77.35%,53.99%-75.09%,88.00%-184.62%,19.12%-38.24%,9.82%-29.46%(P<0.05),respectively,soil MBC and MBN content increased significantly by 84.18%-129.28%,166.60%-260.01%(P<0.05),respectively.During the 2 years,the ratio of MBC:MBN decreased significantly,while the ratio of MBC:MBP and MBN:MBP increased in each experimental treatment,compared with CK treatment.Redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that total nitrogen explained 31.1%and 36.3%of soil microbial biomass changes in 2021(F=5.9,P=0.004)and 2022(F=7.4,P=0.002),respectively,which werethemost important influencing factors of soil MBC,MBN,MBP and its stoichiometric ratio.Correlation analysis showed that the contents of soil MBC and MBN were significantly positively correlated with the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium.The cultivation of rice-stropharia grandis not only significantly increased soil nutrients,but also increased soil MBC,MBN,MBP contents,T2(3000 kg·hm^(-2) strain+75%rice straw with 25%corncob base material)was the best cultivation method.This study can provide theoretical guidance for the subsequent popularization of rice-stropharia grandis rotation model.