福建龙岩烟区烤烟施肥关键参数研究

Study on key parameters of fertilizer application for flue-cured tobacco in Longyan

为了研究福建省龙岩市烟区不同肥料用量下烤烟的肥料效应,确定适宜的肥料施用量,在福建省龙岩市,以当地主栽品种云烟87为材料,开展了氮肥6水平、磷钾肥2水平的肥料田间试验。研究了氮、磷、钾肥料配合施用对烤烟养分吸收量、相对产量及限制产量的养分因素、经济性状及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明:在烤烟生育期内,氮、磷、钾的养分积累量表现为钾>氮>磷,养分积累主要集中在旺长期。缺素会使龙岩烟区烤烟产量和经济性状降低,缺氮、缺磷、缺钾对烤烟产量和经济性状的影响大小表现为缺氮>缺磷>缺钾。不同施氮处理中,N3处理(N:135kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5):105kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O:375kg/hm^(2))的各项指标最优,分别为产量2053.17kg/hm^(2)、上等烟比例79.64%、中上等烟比例95.64%、产值61850.36元/hm^(2)、均价30.12元/kg、氮肥利用率31.27%农学利用率11.28kg/kg、偏生产力15.21kg/kg。用肥料效应方程对施氮量和烟叶产量进行拟合,方程为y=511.488+1.3614x+0.116x^(2)-0.0004x^(3)(R^(2)=0.9812)。综合烟叶产量、肥料利用率和经济效益,龙岩地区推荐施氮量为135.0~177.2kg/hm^(2)。

In order to study the fertilizer effect of flue-cured tobacco under different fertilizer dosage and determine the appropriate fertilizer application dosage,afield experiment was carried out in Longyan city,Fujian province,using Yunyan 87,the local main cultivar,as the material.The effects of combined application of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)fertilizers on nutrient uptake,relative yield,nutrient factors limiting yield,economic characteristics and fertilizer utilization rate of flue-cured tobacco were studied.The results showed that the nutrient accumulation of N,P and K was K>N>P during the growth period of flue-cured tobacco,and the nutrient accumulation mainly concentrated in the flourishing period.The yield and economic properties of flue-cured tobacco in Longyan tobacconic area were reduced by lack of nutrients.The effects of lack of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on yield and economic properties of flue-cured tobacco were as follows:lack of nitrogen>lack of phosphorus>lack of potassium.In different nitrogen application treatments,N3 treatment(N:135 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)0_(5):105 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)0:375 kg/hm^(2))had the best indicators.The yield was 2053.17 kg/hm^(2),the proportion of high-grade tobacco was 79.64%,the proportion of medium-grade tobacco was 95.64%,the output value was 61850.36 Yuan/hm^(2),the average price was 30.12 Yuan/kg,the nitrogen utilization rate was 31.27%,the agronomic utilization rate was 11.28 kg/kg,and the partial productivity was 15.21 kg/kg.Nitrogen application and tobacco yield were fited with the fertilizereffect equation,which was y=511.48+1.3614x+0.116x^(2)-0.0004x^(3)(R^(2)=0.9812).Considering tobacco yield,fertilizer utilization rate and economic benefit,the recommended nitrogen application rate in Longyan area is 135.0-177.2 kg/hm^(2).